Williams System 9 - 11
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1 Introduction
The Williams system 7 boardset was replaced in 1984 with the system 9 boardset, and then again in 1985 with the system 11 boardset. Combining the driver board, sound board, and cpu directly onto one board eliminated several design deficiencies of the earlier 3-7 boardsets; mainly the 40 pin interconnector, and extra wiring harness interboard connectors. Larger roms could be fitted directly onto the boards allowing for more complex rulesets and sounds.
The System 9 and System 11 board sets are not 100% compatible. With a fair amount of effort, a System 11 board could be made compatible with a System 9, but it is not worth the extended effort to change the jumpers. It's far easier to just modify the rom images so that they are plug and play when installed in a System 11 CPU. You can find them already on the ipdb. The primary differences between the System 9 and System 11 board sets are the sound system and rom space.
(add more info later)
As time went on, the System 11 board set underwent some changes too. The power supply, sound board, and CPU / driver board have minor changes. More apparent was the addition of circuit boards. Starting with the 11a board set. . . (add more info later)
2 Games
2.1 System 9
| Title | Date of Release | Model # | Sound | Other Boards | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strike Zone | 1984 | 1916 | unknown | This is a shuffle alley which uses some pinball boards | |
| Star Light | 06-1984 | 530 | no speech | only a few were made with System 9 boards inside | |
| Space Shuttle | 12-1984 | 535 | C-10716 (Speech only) | ||
| Sorcerer | 03-1985 | 532 | C-10716 (Speech only) | ||
| Comet | 06-1985 | 540 | C-10716 (Speech only) |
2.2 System 11
| Title | Date of Release | Model # | Sound | Other Boards | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alley Cats | 10-1985 | 1918 | Unknown | This is a shuffle alley which uses some pinball boards | |
| High Speed | 01-1986 | 541 | C-11030 (Background sound only) | ||
| Grand Lizard | 04-1986 | 523 | C-11030 (Background sound only) | ||
| Road Kings | 07-1986 | 542 | D-11197-542 (Background music only) |
2.3 System 11A
| Title | Date of Release | Model # | Sound | Other Boards | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pinbot | 10-1986 | 549 | D-11297-549 (Background Speech & Sound) | ||
| Tic Tac Strike | 11-1986 | 1919 | Unknown | This is a shuffle alley which uses some pinball boards | |
| Millionaire | 01-1987 | 555 | D-11298-555 (Background Speech & Sound) | ||
| F-14 Tomcat | 03-1987 | 554 | D-11298-554 (Used on 1st 5,000 games - Background Speech & Sound) / D-11581-554 | ||
| Fire! | 08-1987 | 556 | D-11581-556 | ||
| Fire! Champagne Edition | 09-1987 | 556 | D-11581-556 |
2.4 System 11B
| Title | Date of Release | Model # | Sound | Power Supply | Aux Power Driver | Master Interconnect | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Big Guns | 10-1987 | 557 | D-11581-557 | D-8345-557 | D-11583-557 | C-11762 | Uses D-11814 Flash Lamp Resistor Board |
| Space Station | 12-1987 | 552 | D-11298-552 | D-8345-557 | D-11813-552 | C-11762-552 | Uses D-11814-552 Flash Lamp Resistor Board |
| Gold Mine | 01-1988 | 1920 | None | D-8345-1914 | None | None | This is a shuffle alley which uses some pinball boards |
| Cyclone | 02-1988 | 564 | D-11581-564 | D-8345-557 | D-11813-574 | C-11762-564 | Uses D-11814-564 Flash Lamp Resistor Board |
| Banzai Run | 05-1988 | 566 | D-11581-566 | D-8345-566 | D-12247-566 | D-12112 | |
| Swords of Fury | 06-1988 | 559 | D-11581-559 | D-8345-557 | D-12247-559 | D-12313-559 | |
| Taxi | 08-1988 | 553 | D-11581-553 | D-12246-553 | D-12247-559 | D-12313-553 | |
| Top Dawg | 11-1988 | 1921 | None | D-12246 | None | D-12313-1921 | This is a shuffle alley which uses some pinball boards |
| Jokerz! | 12-1988 | 567 | D-12338-567 | D-12246 | D-12247-559 | D-12313-567 | |
| Earthshaker | 02-1989 | 568 | D-11581-568 | D-12246-568 | D-12247-559 | D-12313-568 | |
| Black Knight 2000 | 04-1989 | 563 | D-11581-585 | D-12246 | D-12247-563 | D-12313-563 | |
| Transporter the Rescue | 04-1989 | 2008 | D-11581-2008 | D-12246 | D-12247-2008 | D-12313-2008 | |
| Police Force | 08-1989 | 573 | D-11581-573 | D-12246 | D-12247-566 | D-12313-573 | |
| Shuffle Inn | 10-1989 | 1922 | None (assumed) | D-12246 (assumed) | None | D-12313-1922 (assumed) | This is a shuffle alley which uses some pinball boards |
| Elvira and the Party Monsters | 10-1989 | 2011 | D-11581-2011 | D-12246 | D-12247-2011 | D-12313-2011 | |
| Bad Cats | 11-1989 | 575 | D-11581-575 | D-12246 | D-12247-566 | D-12313-575 | |
| Mousin' Around! | 12-1989 | 2009 | D-11581-2009 | D-12246 | D-12247-2009 | D-12313-2209 | |
| Whirlwind | 01-1990 | 574 | D-11581-574 | D-12246 | D-12247-574 | D-12313-574 | Uses a C-13287 Sound Overlay Solenoid Board to control 5 extra devices |
2.5 System 11C
| Title | Date of Release | Model # | Sound | Master Interconnect | Other Boards | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Bally Game Show | 04-1990 | 2003 | D-11581-2003 | D-12313-2003 | Uses a C-13286 Sound Overlay Lamp Board | |
| Pool Sharks | 06-1990 | 2014 | D-11581-2014 | D-12313-2014 | ||
| Rollergames | 06-1990 | 576 | D-11581-576 | D-12313-576 | ||
| Diner | 09-1990 | 571 | D-11581-571 | D-12313-571 | ||
| Radical! | 09-1990 | 2015 | D-11581-2015 | D-12313-2015 | ||
| Dr. Dude | 11-1990 | 2016 | D-11581-2016 | D-12313-2016 | ||
| Riverboat Gambler | 11-1990 | 50007 | D-11581-50007 | D-12313-50007 | ||
| Bugs Bunny's Birthday Ball | 01-1991 | 20009 | D-11581-20009 | D-12313-20009 |
Game date of release and model numbers provided by the Internet Pinball Database - http://www.ipdb.org
3 Technical Info
System 9 eliminated a huge issue with the earlier system 3 through 7 boardsets - the 40 pin interconnector used between the MPU and Driver boards. Now, all the circuitry of the mpu, driver, and sound boards was contained on one board. Helper boards were still used for displays, speech, special purposes, and solenoid expansion.
Starting with Big Guns, Williams introduced another weak link into their system: the interconnect board. It was initially designed to disperse the general illumination between the playfield and backbox. The connectors on these boards were prone to overheating and failure just like any previous attempt. At the same time, flash lamp resistor boards were being used. These were created to centralize all of the flash lamp current limiting resistors eliminate under playfield flasher driver boards, which had proven themselves problematic. Flash lamp resistor boards were only used on three games: Big Guns, Space Station, and Cyclone. I addition to the interconnect and the flash lamp resistor board, the auxiliary power driver board made its appearance. The auxiliary power driver board housed all of the high current transistors (TIP36Cs), solenoid and flasher fuses (including discrete flipper fuses), the AC relay, and the solenoid bridge rectifiers. The auxiliary power driver board did go through some minor changes, but it essentially was the same until the last System 11C game.
Starting with Banzai Run, a more standardized interconnect board was created. This interconnect board merged the general illumination interconnect with the flasher driver board. Both switch and lamp circuits passed through this board, but neither circuit was modified by the board. Later in its existence, 3 opto couplers were used on this board to determine when the flippers and AC relay were activated.
One of the largest advantages of the system 11 board set is its ability to switch one set of coil driver transistors between 2 sets of coils/flashers. It does this via a relay on a separate board called the A/C relay. The theory is that coils that are seldom fired will be on the A side of the relay, and that flashers will be on the C side of the relay. Most of the time during gameplay, the C side is active, letting the flashers be driven. If the driver transistor for the A/C relay itself is bad, the relay defaults to the coil side, allowing the game continue to operate in a semi-normal fashion (usually the A side coils are the ball shooter lane, drop target resets, VUK - basically coils that don't need to be able to operate 100% of the time unlike a sling coil or pop bumper coil). Data East's boardset was essentially a copy of the system 11 boardset - but they programmed it the opposite way, so that the flasher side of the A/C relay is active by default. So on a Data East game when the A/C relay doesn't operate, the game just sits there and flashes lamps instead of playing.
System 9 and early System 11 games do share a disadvantage with the earlier 3-7 boardsets - they still utilize special solenoid circuitry. The pops and slings on system 9/11 games do not activate a switch which is seen by the MPU's program which fires the coil - instead, the switches directly fire their associated coils via some logic gates on the main board. The main disadvantage with this system is that the solenoids fire continuously as long as their activation switch is closed; a locked on sling or pop will burn out components quickly. It is recommended to add a 1, 1.5, or 2 amp inline fuse to each coil on a directly fired system 11 game. Usually just the pops and slings are direct fired coils, however, other coils were designated to the special solenoids. Later System 11 games did not use the direct fire solenoid switches, switches on the switch matrix were used instead. To easily identify games which do not use direct fire solenoid switches, IJ18 on the MPU board will not have a harness connection attached to it. Likewise, the slingshots and pop bumpers will no longer have a set of scoring switches.
The software in system 9-11 games continued the state machine architecture from system 6 and 7. More ram became available, up to 2k, but no game used over 800 bytes. This is likely due to the obsolescence of earlier style ram chips more than any other reason. Additional diagnostics in the form of switch error checking appeared in system 11; any switch not being activated over 30 games (16 games for flipper switches) would cause an error flag at bootup. The software was able to compensate for broken switches by designating another switch to perform the same function as the broken switch.
3.1 MPU Driver Boards
Williams used a single version of the System 9 MPU in all System 9 games. A few minor modifications to the board may have been made, but it's essentially the same board for the entire 3 game run of Space Shuttle, Sorcerer, and Comet. The picture at left shows an early board that featured two inductors (copper wound coils that "smooth" DC power) at L1 and L2, adjacent to connector 1J17. Later revisions of the board used "zero ohm" jumpers instead, presumably to reduce cost.
System 9 MPU
System 11 games used one of four different revisions of the System 11 MPU. The first version of the System 11 MPU was completely self-contained, able to make game sounds on the board. A simple background sound board was used to add some game sounds. Between the baseline revision of the System 11 MPU and the last revision of the MPU (System 11C) incrementally more of the sound processing and sound circuitry was removed from the board (not stuffed). None of the System 11 shuffle alley games use a separate sound board.
System 11 (nothing) MPU
This picture shows the early System 11 MPU. There is a later revision available which has an additional jumper W16 located between the 7 segment diagnostic display and the relay. The pictured early PCB has a trace routing error to the sound ribbon cable connector. If you use it with a later system 11A sound card you will get no sound because the sound card doesn't get reset properly. If you wonder why your High Speed doesn't beep when turning it on this one is also the culprit.
The picture at left shows six 6.2V zener diodes added to the solder side of a System 11 (nothing) MPU. These zeners were left off the factory silkscreen of the board. Later revisions of the System 11 MPU added them to the component side of the board. Their purpose is to protect the special solenoid switch inputs. Either a ZPY6,2/ZD6,2/1N4735A (1 watt) or ZF5,2/1N5234B (1/2 watt) can be used. This mod is purely optional. In reality the diode doesn't help much if you short the switch input with the solenoid voltage. In this case the diode and the 7402 are usually damaged and need to be replaced.
Additionally, if the System 11 (nothing) MPU is used in a System 11A game or later, pins 6 and 7 of the adjacent connector (J18) must be tied to the ground plain at the edge of the board. These pins provide the ground for the special solenoids. Without the modification they do not work. Some early System 11A pins might not need the mod. If unsure just check if a cable is connected to pin 6 or 7 in your game.
System 11a Prototype MPU
This MPU was only used in Pin Bot. It's actually a System 11 (nothing) MPU PCB layout, with the 7 segment LED display replaced at the factory with 3 LEDs as used in all later System 11 MPUs (11A/B/C). The latest trace revision of this board also has the ground mod (connect 1J18, pins 6 and 7 to board ground) allowing it to work in any 11A/B/C game without modification. According to a friend it was referred to by the name of 11a instead of 11A by distributors.
System 11A MPU
The System 11A MPU can be used in all System 11 games. If used in one of the four first System 11 games (Alley Cats, High Speed, Grand Lizard, and Road Kings), connector 1J15 and possibly the amplifier section must be stuffed. System 11A, 11B, and 11C games don't use the amplifier section of the MPU board. Sound amplification is accomplished on the sound board. On early production system 11A boards, the amplifier section was fully stuffed, just like the original System 11 board. Later in the production of System 11A boards, the amplifier section was not stuffed, just like an 11B board. But unlike System 11B boards, the System 11A board still has the same switch section layout as the original System 11 MPU, making it easy to identify.
System 11B MPU
The System 11B MPU can be used in all System 11 games too. If used in one of the four first System 11 games (Alley Cats, High Speed, Grand Lizard, and Road Kings), connector 1J15 and all of the sound amplification components must be added to the board. System 11A, 11B, and 11C games don't use the amplifier section of the MPU board. Sound amplification is accomplished on the sound board.
System 11C MPU
The System 11C MPU can be used only in System 11C games since none of the sound processing circuitry was stuffed. It can be used in games prior to 11C, if the sound section is populated. However, some of the components needed are rare and / or costly, and there are a fair amount to install. If there is no other choice but to use this board, it is possible.
3.1.1 Jumper Settings and Locations for System 9 & 11 MPU Boards
Below are charts of the jumpers on System 9 & 11 boards. Rather than listing the boards by their platform (System 11A/B/C), each chart is listed by the numbers stenciled on the circuit boards.
5764-10749-00 REV. C (System 9)
Typically installed jumpers are W2, W5, W6, W7, W9, & W12.
| Jumper | Location | Purpose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| W1 / W2 | Below U12 | Chip U11 Internal RAM Enable. Install W1 when using 6802, install W2 for 6808 | U12 can be removed with 6802 and W1 installed. |
| W3 | |||
| W4 | |||
| W5 | Left of U49 | Country jumper. Remove for German factory settings, add for US factory settings | |
| W6 | Below U5 | Along with W7, used to send +12V to opto rows | Typically installed, but not used |
| W7 | Below U5 | Along with W6, used to send +12V to opto rows | Typically installed, but not used |
| W8 | Below connector IJ9 | Ties resistor network SR15 to +12v | |
| W9 | Below connector IJ9 | Ties resistor network SR15 to +5v | |
| W10 | Below U50 | Installed - sounds from CPU board can be played without speech board attached | Typically not installed, except Strike Zone |
| W11 | Below U37 | Used when U19 game ROM 2 is used | |
| W12 | Below U36 | Used to increase U20 game ROM 1 size from 2764 to 27128 |
5764-10881-00 REV. - (Typically System 11)
Typically installed jumpers are W1, W2, W4, W5, & W7.
| Jumper | Location | Purpose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | Below U15 CPU chip | Ties crystal to clock input (pin 39) of U15 CPU | |
| W2 / W3 | To the right of U25 RAM chip | Used to increase the ROM size | |
| W4 | Below U31 (to the right of U25) | Used to increase the ROM size | |
| W5 | Below U39 & U38 (PIA chip) | Used to apply +5v to SR14 resistor network | |
| W6 | Below U30 & U27 | Used to apply +12v to SR14 resistor network | |
| W7 | Below U48 | Country jumper. Remove for German text and settings, add for English text and settings | |
| DS1 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS1 on board (lower of 2 jumpers) - leave out | |
| DS1 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS1 on board (upper of 2 jumpers) - leave out | |
| DS2 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS2 on board (lower of 2 jumpers) - keep installed | |
| DS2 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS2 on board (upper of 2 jumpers) - keep installed |
5764-10881-00 REV. B (Typically System 11 - Referred to as Prototype System 11a in text above)
Typically installed jumpers are W1, W2, W4, W5, W7, W8, W11, W12, W13, W14, W16, W17 & W18.
| Jumper | Location | Purpose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | Below U15 CPU chip | Ties crystal to clock input (pin 39) of U15 CPU | |
| W2 / W3 | To the right of U25 RAM chip | Used to increase the ROM size | |
| W4 | Below U31 (to the right of U25) | Used to increase the ROM size | |
| W5 | Below U39 & U38 (PIA chip) | Used to apply +5v to SR14 resistor network | |
| W6 | Below U30 & U27 | Used to apply +12v to SR14 resistor network | |
| W7 | Below diagnostic LEDs | Country jumper. Remove for German text and settings, add for English text and settings | |
| W8 / W9 | Below U24 (sound CPU chip) | Used to choose what to use as /RST for U24 sound CPU | |
| W10 / W11 | To the right of 3 radial caps in reset section | Choice of +18v (W10) or +12v (W11) for sound amplifier | |
| W12 | A resistor below U10 PIA | Pull down resistor for E1 (pin 1) and E2 (pin 19) of U11 & U13 address line buffer chips | |
| W13 | A resistor below U16 data line buffer chip | Pull down resistor for /E (pin 19) of U16 data line buffer chip | |
| W14 / W15 | Below U29 | 1ms IRQ signal (W14 in) or 2ms IRQ signal (W15 in) | |
| W16 | Below U27 | Blanking signal to input "D" of U48 LED decoder chip | not present on first pcb revision |
| DS1 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS1 on board (lower of 2 jumpers) - leave out | |
| DS1 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS1 on board (upper of 2 jumpers) - leave out | |
| DS2 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS2 on board (lower of 2 jumpers) - keep installed | |
| DS2 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS2 on board (upper of 2 jumpers) - keep installed |
5764-12091-00 REV. - (Typically System 11A)
Typically installed jumpers are W1, W2, W4, W5, W7, W8, W11, W12, W13, W14, W16, W17 & W18.
| Jumper | Location | Purpose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | Below U15 CPU chip | Ties crystal to clock input (pin 39) of U15 CPU | |
| W2 / W3 | To the right of U25 RAM chip | Used to increase the ROM size | |
| W4 | Below U31 (to the right of U25) | Used to increase the ROM size | |
| W5 | Below U39 & U38 (PIA chip) | Used to apply +5v to SR14 resistor network | |
| W6 | Below U30 & U27 | Used to apply +12v to SR14 resistor network | |
| W7 | Below diagnostic LEDs | Country jumper. Remove for German text and settings, add for English text and settings | |
| W8 / W9 | Below U24 (sound CPU chip) | Used to choose what to use as /RST for U24 sound CPU | |
| W10 / W11 | To the right of 3 radial caps in reset section | Choice of +18v (W10) or +12v (W11) for sound amplifier | |
| W12 | A resistor below U10 PIA | Pull down resistor for E1 (pin 1) and E2 (pin 19) of U11 & U13 address line buffer chips | |
| W13 | A resistor below U16 data line buffer chip | Pull down resistor for /E (pin 19) of U16 data line buffer chip | |
| W14 / W15 | Below U29 | 1ms IRQ signal (W14 in) or 2ms IRQ signal (W15 in) | |
| W16 | Below U27 | Ties XTAL (pin 38) of U15 CPU chip to ground | Only cut when using Hitachi 6808 or 6802 MPU at U15 |
| W17 | Below U23 | Ties XTAL (pin 38) of U24 sound CPU chip to ground | Only cut when using Hitachi 6808 or 6802 MPU at U24 |
| DS1 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS1 on board (lower of 2 jumpers) - leave out | |
| DS1 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS1 on board (upper of 2 jumpers) - leave out | |
| DS2 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS2 on board (lower of 2 jumpers) - keep installed | |
| DS2 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS2 on board (upper of 2 jumpers) - keep installed |
5764-12206-00 REV. A (Typically System 11B & 11C)
Typically installed jumpers are W1, W2, W4, W5, W7, W8, W11, W14, W16, W17 & W19.
| Jumper | Location | Purpose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | Below U15 CPU chip | Ties crystal to clock input (pin 39) of U15 CPU | |
| W2 / W3 | To the right of U25 RAM chip | Used to increase the ROM size | |
| W4 | Below U31 (to the right of U25) | Used to increase the ROM size | |
| W5 | Above U25 RAM chip | Used with 2K x 8 6116 RAM at U25 | |
| W6 | Above U25 RAM chip | Used with 8K x 8 6264 RAM at U25 | only 2K will be used from the factory |
| W7 | Below diagnostic LEDs | Remove for German text, add for English text | This jumper is not used in games with 16 digit score displays. Instead, install the U26 and U27 EPROMs for country and game. |
| W8 / W9 | Below U24 (sound CPU chip) | Used to choose what to use as /RST for U24 sound CPU | |
| W10 / W11 | To the right of 3 radial caps in reset section | Choice of +18v (W10) or +12v (W11) for sound amplifier | |
| W12 | A resistor below U10 PIA | Pull down resistor for E1 (pin 1) and E2 (pin 19) of U11 & U13 address line buffer chips | |
| W13 | A resistor below U16 data line buffer chip | Pull down resistor for /E (pin 19) of U16 data line buffer chip | |
| W14 / W15 | Below U29 | 1ms IRQ signal (W14 in) or 2ms IRQ signal (W15 in) | |
| W16 | Below U27 | Ties XTAL (pin 38) of U15 CPU chip to ground | Only cut when using Hitachi 6808 or 6802 MPU at U15 |
| W17 | To the left of U24 | Ties XTAL (pin 38) of U24 sound CPU chip to ground | Only cut when using Hitachi 6808 or 6802 MPU at U24 |
| W18 | Below U23 | Used with 8K x 8 6264 RAM at U23 | only 2K will be used. |
| W19 | Below U23 | Used with 2K x 8 6116 RAM at U23 | |
| DS1 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS1 on board (lower of 2 jumpers) - leave out | |
| DS1 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS1 on board (upper of 2 jumpers) - leave out | |
| DS2 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS2 on board (lower of 2 jumpers) - keep installed up to 11B | |
| DS2 | Left of U13 | Marked as DS2 on board (upper of 2 jumpers) - keep installed up to 11B |
3.1.2 Converting the System 9 Rom Images to System 11
You can easily create System 11 compatible rom images with the existing roms. Below you will find DOS/Windows copy commands to do this. The file pad.732 is not part of the existing roms. It's a 4K (4096 Bytes) binary file filled with 0xff. Create it using your favorite hex editor, or download here: File:Pad.zip.
The System 11 CPU will work out of the box with a 27128 eprom at location U27 but you might want to double it up to a 27256 anyway so that it's size is the same as the other System 11 U27 roms.
Remove jumper W8 and insert jumper W9 on the System 11 CPU or the sound will likely not work. System 11 controls the sound reset via software.
3.1.2.1 Space Shuttle
copy /b cpu_u49.128 cpu_u21.128
copy /b pad.732 + spch_u5.732 + spch_u6.732 + spch_u4.732 cpu_u22.128
copy /b cpu_u20.128 + cpu_u20.128 cpu_u27.256
3.1.2.2 Sorcerer
copy /b ..\cpu_u49.128 cpu_u21.128
copy /b cpu_u21.128 + cpu_u21.128 cpu_u21.256
copy /b ..\spch_u7.732 + ..\spch_u5.732 + ..\spch_u6.732 + ..\spch_u4.732 cpu_u22.128
copy /b cpu_u22.128 + cpu_u22.128 cpu_u22.256
copy /b ..\pad.732 + ..\cpu_u19.732 + ..\cpu_u20.764 cpu_u20.128
copy /b cpu_u20.128 + cpu_u20.128 cpu_u27.256
copy /b ..\pad.732 + ..\cpu_u19.l2.bin + ..\cpu_u20.l2.bin cpu_u20.l2.128
copy /b cpu_u20.l2.128 + cpu_u20.l2.128 cpu_u27.l2.256
Sorcerer is the only System 9 pinball game using 2 roms which make things complicated for repair. You can use the cpu_u20.128 image in a system 9 CPU jumpered for Space Shuttle or Comet. If you install W12 and remove W11 the CPU is jumpered for the 27128.
3.1.2.3 Comet
copy cpu_u49.128 /b cpu_u21.128 /b
copy spch_u7.732 /b + spch_u5.732 /b + spch_u6.732 /b + spch_u4.732 /b cpu_u22.128 /b
copy cpu_u20.128 /b + cpu_u20.128 /b cpu_u27.256 /b
3.2 Sound Boards
The speech board used in the three System 9 games, Space Shuttle, Sorcerer and Comet is essentially the same as the speech board used in System 6/7 games. However the speech board was enhanced during the Space Shuttle run. Four jumpers were added to accomodate either 2532 or 2732 EPROMs. When burning EPROMs, make certain which style of ROM is used.
Only the early Space Shuttles use 2532 EPROMs from the factory. Later Shuttles, Sorcerer and Comet use 2732 EPROMs. The later speech board is backward compatible. If using such a board, either 2532s or 2732s can be used for the first two System 9 games (or System 6/7 games), provided that the jumpers are set for the appropriate EPROM.
In addition to the speech board generating speech sounds, it mixes the sound and speech signals via the potentiometer on the speech board.
3.3 Power Supply
These power supplies use obsolete parts at Q1 (SDS-201) and Q3 (SDS-202). The PCB print was used from Black Knight through Swords of Fury, with slight modifications. Up until and including Fire!, Q1 and Q3 were the obsolete SDS-201 and SDS-202. Starting with some Fire!, the board uses an MJE15030 at Q1 and an MJE15031 at Q3.
Part numbers printed on an SDS-201 at Q1 may be "6557" or "9057S".
Part numbers printed on an SDS-202 at Q3 may be "MDS60" or "9058S"
There was a trace routing error on the original Fire! power supply pcbs. WMS cut the trace and used a jumper to correct the error. This error was corrected in the PCB layout at the start of "Big Guns" game production.
With Big Guns and games after, the solenoid and lamp power power sections were no longer stuffed because they were relocated to the Aux Power board. The GI relay is also missing on these boards because discrete GI relay boards were placed under the playfield and/or behind the backbox lamp insert. By doing this, specific GI strings could be turned on/off versus "all or none" of the general illumination. This later board has the fuses only for display and 5V power. In a pinch, the unstuffed parts could be installed.
Starting with Big Guns, 2 100mA (1/10A) SB fuses are installed just to the left of the power supply in the backbox. These fuses protect the +100V and -100V circuits against shorts. Not all games used 1/10A slo-blo fuses. Some games used 1/8ASB fuses instead. This may have been due to 1/8ASB fuses being more readily available.
The schematics for this power supply also list part numbers MPSD52 and MPSD02. The equivalent part number for an MPSD52 is a 2N5401. The equivalent part number for an MPSD02 is a 2N5551.
This power supply was used from Taxi thru the remainder of the System 11 game production.
Note that Taxi used an early revision of the board. The placement of some of the resistors and zener diodes in the HV section of the board is different than later board. Exercise caution when you do board work.
3.4 Auxiliary Power Driver Board
3.5 Interconnect Boards
Although the first four System 11B games, which include Big Guns, Space Station, Cyclone, and Banzai Run, use some form of an interconnect board, it wasn't until Swords of Fury when the interconnect board was used as a standard for the remaining System 11 games.
The interconnect board used in Swords of Fury uses a different part number, D-12185-559, compared to later System 11 games that used part number D-12313-x (x denotes the game's model number). They are not interchangable. Swords of Fury and Taxi had lane change switches still mounted on the cabinet. With later games lane change switches were removed and two optocouplers at position U2 and U3 (connected to the switch returns) were added to the board. The circuit is essentially the same as was used in early WPC games and enabled elimination of problematic physical lane change switches from the game. Starting with Jokerz, the third coupler at position U1 is used by the game software to check if the A/C relay on the aux power board is working. U1 transmits information back to the MPU as switch 2 on the switch matrix, provided that the A/C has energized.
The early versions of the interconnect board were located on the left side of the backbox and positioned vertically. The more common interconnect boards were located in the backbox positioned horizontally, just below the CPU board. The later board passes the following circuits:
- lamp general illumination circuits
- flipper power and ground
- lamp columns and rows
- switch columns and rows
- flash lamp power
What differentiates the board from game to game are the resistor and fuse values used for the flash lamp power circuits.
3.6 Master Display Driver Board
3.6.1 System 9
3.6.2 System 9 (Late Comet)
3.6.3 System 11 (Discrete Displays High Speed to Pin Bot and Banzai Run)
3.6.4 System 11A (Millionaire / Early F-14)
This pcb actually came out of an early F-14 where they were recycled. Millionaire had it fully populated with additional lamp covers. The mounting brackets for the later D-11610 display changed so if you get a replacement for your F-14 first check which one is used in your game.
3.6.5 System 11A/B (F-14 to Cyclone)
3.6.6 System 11B (Taxi and Police Force)
3.6.7 System 11B (all other WMS 11B/C games)
3.6.8 System 11C (Riverboat Gamber)
Riverboat Gambler uses a 12232-3 Masterdisplay with all ribbon connectors stuffed. It is only used in this game but if it's missing from your game you can modify the older boards just fine.
3.6.9 System 11B/C (all Bally 11B/C games)
3.7 Other Boards
3.7.1 Sound Overlay Board (C-13287)
This relatively simple board was used on Whirlwind only to accommodate 5 additional solenoids (flashers or motors). The board logically sits between the System 11 MPU and the sound board, intercepting data normally sent directly to the sound board, and acting on that data only when specific codes are commanded. The board also relays data not specifically intended for it, on to the sound board.
3.7.2 High Current Driver Boards
The high current driver board was used on Earthshaker to drive the shaker motor. It was used on several other Williams / Bally WPC under multiple part numbers.
3.7.3 Space Station Opto Position Board (C-11872)
This board is unique to Space Station. The "blobs" at Q1 and Q2 (both 2N3906s) in the picture at left are clear silicone caulk used to dampen vibration on the board.
3.7.4 Flash Lamp Resistor Board (Remotely Located)
The earlier design of flash lamp resistor board was mounted under the playfield within in the vicinity of the flash lamp circuit(s) that were powered by it. Each board had a maximum of 4 power resistors (2 per flash lamp circuit). The higher resistance resistor is 330 ohm 7 watt, while the lower resistance resistor is 5 ohm 10 watt. The purpose of the larger value resistor is to keep the flash lamp powered with minimal voltage. This keeps the flash lamp filament "warm", which puts less of a strain on the flash lamp. In turn, it is supposed to extend the life of the flash lamp. The smaller value resistor is used as a current limiting resistor which allows the solenoid voltage to be supplied to power the flash lamp. By powering the flash lamps with solenoid voltage, it eliminates the need for an additional, dedicated secondary transformer winding.
3.7.5 Flash Lamp Resistor Board (Centrally Located)
- Flash Lamp Resistor Boards
D-11814-557(Big Guns) 
D-11814-564 (Cyclone) 
D-11814-552(Space Station)
The flash lamp resistor boards were used on early System 11B games prior to the use of the "standardized" interconnect board. The board is located in a very awkward location. It is screwed to the back of the lower cabinet. Big Guns, Space Station, and Cyclone all have this board in this location.
The resistors on the board "eat current" (limit current) since the 13V #89 flash lamps are wired to coil voltage (about 38VDC). When implementing this board, Williams chose to change the wire colors as the circuit passes through the board. Combined with the generally poor Williams System 11 documentation, this makes it tough to track down problems with non-working flash lamps. On the plus side, the wire wound cement resistors on the board do not fail often, probably due to the location of the board (resistor boards located under the playfield have high resistor failure rates due to heat and vibration). However, they obviously can fail. If there is power at the flash lamp, but grounding the flash lamp transistor does not light the lamp, the associated drive transistor may have failed.
The flash lamp resistor boards were abandoned after Space Station. Flash lamp circuits and resistors became integrated into the "standardized" interconnect board.
3.7.6 A/C Relay
Starting with Road Kings, System 11 games make use of what is referred to as an A/C relay. The purpose of the A/C relay was to drive twice the amount of coils and flashers by using half the amount of drive transistors. This process is commonly referred to as "multiplexing". Typically, if the A/C relay was at rest, the "A side" flashers would engage. When the A/C relay was powered, the "C side" solenoids would engage.
For example, High Speed, which does not use an A/C relay, uses 8 discrete drive transistors to drive solenoids / flashers 1-8. Pinbot, which does use an A/C relay, uses the same 8 discrete transistors to drive solenoids / flashers. However, a total of 16 solenoids and flashers (A side and C side) are driven. By employing the use of an A/C relay, the System 11 MPU / driver board could be used for many more years without a "drastic" redesign.
Initially, the A/C relay was located on a small circuit board under the playfield for System 11/11A games. Likewise, this A/C relay board did not have Molex header connections. Wires were directly soldered to the circuit board. Once the Auxiliary Power Driver Board was introduced with the System 11B platform (starting with Big Guns), the A/C relay was moved to this board for all subsequent System 11B/11C games.
3.8 Flipper Coils
System 11 games (starting with F-14 Tomcat) use different flipper coils dependent on flipper placement and application. Below is a chart of the flipper coils used, their wrapper color, and strength.
| System 11 Flipper Coils | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Part # | Color | Strength | Notes |
| FL-11753 | Yellow | Weakest | |
| FL-11722 | Green | Weaker | 24-600 series wound similar strength |
| FL-11630 | Red | Standard | 23-600 series wound similar strength |
| FL-11629 | Blue | Strongest | |
3.9 Accessing Bookkeeping, Settings, and Diagnostic Modes
The coin door buttons for system 9 and 11 games are shown at right. The function of the three buttons is (from left to right in the picture)...
- Reset High Score to Date
- Auto Up/Manual Down
- Advance
Function of the Reset High Score to Date is self explanatory.
The Auto Up/Manual Down (AUMD) button is interpreted by the game software in multiple ways. Starting from attract mode, if the AUMD switch is up, pressing the advance button causes the game to enter audits and adjustments mode. If the AUMD switch is down, pressing the advance button causes the game to enter diagnostic mode. With the AUMD button in the up position during many of the diagnostic tests, the next step in the test will be automatically entered. For example, display test will display each digit on the display in turn. Coil test will advance through each coil. A particular step of the test may be paused on by pressing the AUMD button down.
The Advance switch moves the diagnostic, audit, or adjustment to the next step (or previous step if the AUMD button is down, except in diagnostic mode).
When in adjustments mode, the credit button is used to zero, turn off, or turn on features.
Note: One of the adjustment settings (adjustment 69 on High Speed for example) can be used to clear all of the game audits.
At the end of all diagnostic tests, the game will enter audits next, and then adjustments. To exit diagnostics, audits, and / or adjustments, either advance until the last adjustment, or simply turn the machine off.
3.10 Transformer Power Selection Connector
4 Problems and Solutions
4.1 Sporadic Problems in General - System 9
Just like the previous Williams platforms, the System 9 platform is prone to cracked solder joints on the header pins. Likewise, Williams' board manufacturers had some tendencies to cut the header pins too short on the solder side. By cutting the pins too short, the cuts partially go through the solder meniscus. Cutting through the solder meniscus makes a solder joint less reliable, and it may prematurely fail over time.
By having cracked solder joints and / or cut solder meniscus, sporadic issues may occur. To resolve a cracked solder joint issue, the best approach is to completely remove the old solder, and add new solder to the joint. Due to dirt and contaminants, simply adding solder to the existing joint is not sufficient. If the header pins are cut too short, an attempt to remove the solder and new solder can be made. However, in some instances the only resolution is to replace the header pin connector. It is recommended to use a high quality replacement header.
4.2 Power Problems
4.2.1 Replacement power supply
If using the now obsolete Rottendog WDP011A power supply for Williams Cyclone or Big Guns, the +12v jumper may have to be moved from the bottom jumper location to the top. If a Rottendog equipped Big Guns or Cyclone turns on the GI lights, but the game doesn't boot, (only the 5v light on the CPU is lit), this is most likely the reason.
4.2.2 Bridge Rectifier Fuses
A design flaw carried over from the earlier systems was the lack of fuses on the two bridge rectifiers used for the solenoid and controlled lamp power. In theory, if either of these bridges short, the main power fuse in the game should blow, but that's not always the case. If the primary power fuse fails to blow, the wiring from the transformer to the bridge becomes the fuse. The end result is not pretty!
On games before Big Guns, interrupt one of the AC input lines and install a fuse holder with an 8 amp fuse installed (Williams opted to use an 8A normal blo, while Data East chose to install 8A slo-blo fuses). For Big Guns and games after, an 8A normal blo fuse was added before the controlled lamp bridge. As for the solenoid bridge, there was a design change with the addition of the auxiliary power driver board. The +25v and +50v solenoid bridges were added to this board. Both bridges were fused with 4A slo-blo fuses.
4.2.3 Alternate to the 12 position wafer connection
The 12 position "wafer" connector (CN1 or J1 for Williams games), can be replaced with currently available parts, shown at left. The original "wafers" are difficult to find and pricey.
4.3 System 11 MPU Jumpers
For normal game operation no jumpers need to be changed on the MPU board. The default configuration works with all System 11 game roms. However, there are 5 exceptions as follows...
W7
This is the language select jumper. It is only used on games up to Cyclone. Games with 16 digit alphanumeric displays do not use this jumper. If set, your game automatically reverts to English after losing the content of the ram and installing fresh batteries. Otherwise you need to change the language in the adjustments menu. So far I have only seen early System 11 roms which contain German and English text. So if cut the game usually displays German Text.
Later System 11 games have language specific roms. If your game text is in a foreign language U26 and U27 need to be changed. If you have an eprom burner you can check if your U26 is the same but to be on the safe side better exchange them both.
W16 and W17
This only applies to System 11A and newer boards. The W16 jumper on original System 11 boards is in a different location and used for backwards compatibility with system 9 boards. Just leave it alone there.
W16 on the 11A MPU is connected to the XTAL pin 38 of you main MC6802/08 MPU at location U15. Likewise W17 is connected to the XTAL pin 38 of the U24 MC6802/08 MPU which is responsible for controlling the sounds.
If the board uses Hitachi HD46802 MPUs these jumpers are cut. They have an incompatibility in the clock circuit compared with other brands. If the jumpers are installed ond pin 38 grounded on them the board will not boot. If using other brands they need to be installed. So if you get a non booting board from epay just check this first. If you want to use you Hitachi MPU in a System 9 or early 11 board just bend pin 38 on it away from the socket. Do not cut the pin. For whatever reason you might still want to put the processor in another board.
W5/W6 and W18/W19
This only applies to System 11B and newer boards. The System 11 CPU uses 2 6116 rams at location U23 (sound) and U25 (game). They are obsolete now. Even the common 8K 6264 ram is going the way of the Dodo now but it can still be purchased new. On later System 11B boards you can replace the 2K ram with the 8K type but a jumper needs to be set. To use an 8K RAM at U23, remove W19 and install W18. To use an 8K RAM at U25, remove W5 and install W6. These jumpers can be seen in the schematics, but it's very tough to puzzle it out.
4.4 MPU boot issues
4.4.1 Normal Game Boot Behavior
Normal MPU boot behavior for System 9 is to show a "0" in the diagnostic display on the MPU. The "0" will light during boot up, and continue to stay lit, as long as the game is on.
Normal MPU boot behavior for games with a 7-segment display on the MPU is to show a "0" in the display. The "0" does not go away. The "0" will continue to be displayed under normal boot conditions.
Normal MPU boot behavior for games with 3 LEDs instead of the 7-segment display on the MPU is for the "+5 VDC" LED to light first and stay on, then a split second later, the blanking LED will light and stay on. At the same time that the blanking LED lights, the diagnostic LED will begin to blink at a fairly rapid pace with a 50% duty cycle (equal durations of the LED being on then off). The blanking LED will continue to remain on.
If a System 11 MPU with 3 LEDs is installed in a game whose original board contained the 7-segment LED diagnostic display first introduced with the System 7 board set, the status of the 3 LEDs won't help much. The game software is attempting to display a "0" (assuming your game boots correctly) on a 7-segment display. Since the board contains just the three LEDs, the MPU circuitry merely lights all three LEDs as shown in the picture at left.
4.4.2 MPU Boot Error Codes
MPUs used in System 9 and 11(nothing) games display a code on a 7-segment display if an error is detected during boot. MPUs used in System 11A, 11B, and 11C games use the Diagnostic LED to blink a "codes".
4.4.2.1 System 9 Games
The following table lists the error codes displayed on the System 9 MPU 7-segment display.
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| Normal game boot with no problems detected. The game should be in attract mode. | |
| CPU board locked up. Possible cause is memory protect circuit and U18 CMOS RAM "stuck bits". That is, an actual failure of the CMOS RAM chip or the 6808 processor's ability to communicate error free with the RAM. | |
| U20 Game ROM 1 faulty | |
| U20 Game ROM 1 faulty | |
| U19 Game ROM 2 faulty | |
| Blanking signal stuck, coin door closed, memory protect circuit faulty, or the U18 CMOS RAM faulty | |
| System failure. Occasionally, the following components can contribute to this problem: U21 (4MhZ crystal), components in the IRQ circuit, broken leads or failed C9 (22uF) in the reset section, or loosely seated ICs on the CPU board. Note that boot code "7" is the hardware default and characteristic of the CPU "reset" signal not complying with the low-to-high spec properlay at pin 40. | |
| U20 Game ROM 1 faulty |
If the game is locked up, there may be a bad power supply. The 5 volt logic supply is the first one to check. Then, check the 12 volt supply, which is used to reset the CPU chip. Test for both DC (correct voltages) and AC (too much ripple on the DC circuit).
4.4.2.2 System 11(nothing) Games
The following table lists the error codes displayed on the System 11(nothing) MPU 7-segment display.
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| Normal game boot with no problems detected. The game should be in attract mode. | |
| CPU board locked up. Possible cause is memory protect circuit and U25 CMOS RAM "stuck bits". That is, an actual failure of the CMOS RAM chip or the 6802 processors ability to communicate error free with the RAM. | |
| U27 Game ROM checksum failure | |
| U26 Game ROM checksum failure | |
| not used | |
| Blanking signal "stuck", or the coin door is closed, or the memory protect circuit is faulty, or the CMOS RAM at U25 has failed. | |
| General system failure. Check the 5VDC power supply as well as the integrity of game ROM 2 at U26. |
A zero displayed during Memory Chip Test (using the CPU board switch SW2) indicates that the blanking circuit is NOT functioning properly.
An eight displayed during memory chip test (using the CPU board switch SW2) indicates that the blanking circuit is functioning properly.
4.4.2.3 System 11A, 11B, 11C games
The following table lists the number of blinks, the error message that might be displayed, and the explanation (Source: Williams System 11A game manual. with embellishment).
MEMPROT FAILURE, (use browser page search to find in page link)
| Code | Description | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| no message | Normal game boot with no problems detected. The game should be in attract mode. | |
| U25 RAM FAILURE | The RAM at U25 could not be used properly. This means that the RAM failed a read/write test at power up. The game will remain in the current state and no other tests are performed until the game is turned off, then back on. | |
| MEM. PROT. FAILURE | This message means that either: a) the Coin Door may be shot, b) the Memory Protect Switch may be stuck in the ON position, c) the memory protect logic is protecting the memory, or d) a U25 RAM failure is occurring. | |
| U51 PIA FAILURE | The PIA at U51 has failed. | |
| U38 PIA FAILURE | The PIA at U38 has failed. | |
| U41 PIA FAILURE | The PIA at U41 has failed. | |
| U42 PIA FAILURE | The PIA at U42 has failed. | |
| U54 PIA FAILURE | The PIA at U54 has failed. | |
| U10 PIA FAILURE | The PIA at U10 has failed. | |
| IRQ FAILURE | The interrupt request line is not working normally. It may be missing, stuck, too fast, or too slow. | |
| U27 ROM FAILURE | U27 failed checksum (test 11 is skipped). | |
| U26 ROM FAILURE | U26 failed checksum. |
All of the above failures (except #9) may mean that the device has failed but it may also mean that the 6802 microprocessor is unable to communicate adequately or properly with the device. For example, if the CPU is attempting to checksum the game ROM at U27, but one of the 8 data lines leading to U27 has been severed, the wrong data will be received by the microprocessor and the checksum test will fail even though the ROM is perfectly fine.
An U25 RAM failure can occur without actual 6116 RAM failure. One of the most common reasons why U25 RAM failure occurs is lack of power to the RAM chip. If the D1, 1N5817, diode shorts open, logic power will no longer have a pathway to the U25 RAM. However, if the D2, 1N4148, blocking diode is fine, and the battery holder and batteries are fine, power will be retained by the U25 RAM. Although, the batteries will die prematurely if D1 has shorted. Another reason why U25 is no longer powered by the +5VDC logic power is due to a severed trace either caused by a blunt object or battery corrosion.
An interesting side effect to the U25 RAM failure blink code is that the blanking LED will blink 10 times after the single blink from the diagnostic LED.
4.4.2.4 U51, U27, and possibly other boot message causes
System 11 MPUs booting with error codes, blinks, or messages on the display may need new sockets for the game ROM(s). In the picture at left, it's easy to see light right through the socket holes (note the brown background vs the white background). The metal female connections have fatigued over time and are no longer providing a solid mechanical connection to the ROM chip legs. Removal and replacement with a quality dual wipe or machine pin socket is advised.
This situation can cause a wide variety of boot problems including complete failure to boot, "U27 ROM failure" message, "U51 failure" message, etc.
4.4.2.5 Five "Knocks"
Sometimes when turning a system 11 game on, the knocker will fire 5 times, causing most folks to wonder, "what the hey"?. All that knocking is designed to call the operators attention to a potential switch issue. Like the "credit dot" in WPC games, these 5 knocks mean that the game hasn't detected the closure of a particular switch (or switches) in a certain number of games. A message will be displayed indicating which switch or switches to examine.
Usually, this is an indication of a failed switch. Most switches get closed during the normal course of game play, long before the game's software counts up to the limit of "games played without closing each switch" and issues this indication.
To address this issue, use the coin door diagnostic panel buttons to enter switch edge test. Manually close the switch. If a switch closure is indicated, either normal game play failed to close the switch (you're not a very good player), or the switch is dirty. Closing a switch with your finger is different than closing a switch with a ball. Your finger generally pushes more firmly on the switch contacts. Clean the switch by dragging an old business card or piece of paper between the switch contacts while pinching the switch blades together with your fingers.
Caution: do not attempt to adjust switches with anything metal while the game is turned on. You will eventually short coil or lamp power to the switch matrix, damaging the MPUs switch matrix circuitry.
If closing the switch manually doesn't register in switch edge test, see the "switch problems" section of this Wiki.
4.4.2.6 System 11 "Adjust Failure" and "Factory Setting"
The "Adjust Failure" message seen in the picture at left occurs when the game software can't make sense of the information contained in the battery backed RAM at U25. This could be because the RAM has failed, but this is unlikely. The vastly more common reason is that battery backup power has been interrupted to the games battery backed RAM because either the batteries are not installed, dead, or dying. Hopefully, they haven't made a mess of the board by leaking alkaline. See below. "Adjust Failure" is displayed under these conditions when the coin door is closed.
Note that on some games (not certain if all) which use two 16-digit alpha-numeric displays, the message displayed will actually read "AJSTMENT FAILURE".
If the coin door is open under these conditions, the message "Factory Setting" is displayed.
4.4.3 Relocating the battery from the System 9 MPU board
Relocating the 3xAA batteries off the MPU board is always a good idea. Leaky alkaline batteries are the #1 killer of pinball boards. Sometimes the battery terminals don't look corroded, but the metal rivet which contacts the battery are actually missing.
If "04 00" in the credit/match display is seen when the game is turned on, the game is in audit mode versus attract mode. Below are several reasons why the game has defaulted to audit mode.
- The batteries have failed and need replacing.
- The battery voltage is not reaching the U18 (5517-2) RAM. Check pin 24 of U18 for approximately 4.3v with the power on and 3.9v with the power off. Lack of battery backup power could also be due to an open D3 (1N4148) blocking diode. This diode is used to keep the CPU's logic power from charging the batteries.
- Blocking diode D2 (1N5817) has shorted, and the batteries are trying to run the MPU board when the game is off.
- There are other problems, such as a faulty 5517-2 RAM.
Simply removing the batteries will not allow a game to boot directly into "attract mode" when switched on. It also will not retain the settings such as the number of balls per game, the free play setting (obtained by setting maximum credits to 0), or high scores. However, a System 9 game will boot, and is still playable with the lack of batteries. To complete the boot sequence into attract mode, open the coin door, switch the game off, and then quickly back on. The game should leave audit mode, and go into attract mode. Credits would need to be added from the coin door, and if necessary, settings would need to be changed before starting a game.
The best option is to remotely locate the battery holder somewhere below all the other boards. This ensures that even if the remotely located batteries leak, they won't leak onto (or even drip onto) components of the MPU board. Use good quality alkaline batteries, mark the date of replacement with a Sharpie, and replace the batteries annually.
Adding a connector between the battery pack and the MPU board is a good idea. You can easily remove the battery pack from the board. Plus, if the batteries are forgotten, and do leak, the MPU board will not have to be removed to add another battery pack. A 3 x AA battery holder is the typical recommended replacement. If only a 4 x AA battery holder is available, a jumper can be soldered in the first battery position. Likewise, a diode can be placed in this position instead. This will prevent the batteries from being charged and 'cooked' by the game if blocking diode D3 on the MPU board fails. Keep in mind that adding a secondary diode to this circuit will decrease the voltage passing to the RAM memory by .5 to .7 volts (the typical voltage drop across a diode) if D3 is still good. Install a 1n4001 or 1N4004 diode in the position closest to the last + terminal (where the Red Wire exits). The banded side of the diode must be pointing in the direction of current flow, which is towards the (+) terminal marking on the MPU board, and away from the battery pack.
On the System 9 MPU, solder the battery cables: Ground (Black Wire) to the Bottom Left pad and Positive (Red Wire) to the Top Right.
After adding a remote battery pack, and while the board is still out of the game, it is a good practice to measure the battery pack's voltage at the (+) and (-) pads of the MPU board. All battery packs are pretty cheaply made, and failures "out of the box" are somewhat common. Checking to make certain the battery pack is functioning before reinstalling the MPU board in the game will save you some headaches.
Since the MPU board is already out, another good practice is to check the D3 blocking diode. An open blocking diode will not allow the battery pack voltage to pass through to the non-volatile memory, and the newly installed battery pack will be ineffective. Conversely, a shorted blocking diode will allow the board's +5vdc logic power bus to pass through to the battery pack. This in turn, will charge the batteries, while the game is turned on. Alkaline batteries do not like being charged. They will heat up, and fail prematurely, (rather quickly). In worse cases, the new batteries can even leak or explode if charged. Testing the D3 diode is quick and easy, and worth the trouble checking it out. When in doubt, replace the D3 diode with a 1N4148, or add a secondary 1N4004 to the battery pack. Once again, if a secondary diode is added, it will decrease the voltage passing to the 5517-2 RAM memory, if D3 is still good.
4.4.4 Relocating the battery from the System 11 MPU board
4.4.5 Installing NVRAM instead of batteries
Like most other pinball mpu boards, the battery-backed RAM can be replaced with a non-volatile memory RAM (NVRAM). Replacement RAM that can replace existing 6116 or a 6264 SRAM will be needed. DIP versions are becoming scarce, but there are other solutions available that use surface mount equivalents on a small circuit board that plug into the RAM's socket. Unfortunately, U25 is soldered in on System 11 boards from the factory, and would need to be removed to replace with NVRAM.
If installing any version of 6264 NVRAM on an 11B or 11C board, jumper W5 (located just above U25) needs to be moved to jumper W6. This jumper has a completely different purpose on 11 and 11A boards. 6116 NVRAM will have to be used with 11 and 11A boards, or else modification with wire wrap will be necessary. If 6116 NVRAM is used on 11B or 11C boards, jumper W5 does not have to be chaged.
There are several vendors who sell surface mount NVRAM on an adapter board. The adapter in the picture shown on the right was purchased from Pinitech.
It has been documented that some variants of DIP NVRAM may need to have diode D1 replaced with a jumper or jumped around the diode, in order for the game to boot successfully. D1, a 1n5817 diode, has a very low forward voltage drop (about 0.2 volts) vs. the normal 0.4-0.6 volts most other diodes have. If replacing U25 with the memory RAM, some memory RAM will not unlock and allow writes until the voltage is 4.8 volts or so. The 1n5817 D1 diode is just enough to prevent some memory RAMs from allowing writes. To solve this, solder a jumper wire around the D1 terminals, or remove D1 entirely and replace with a jumper. Surface mounted NVRAM on an adapter board is not susceptible to this problem.
4.4.6 Installing a Memory Capacitor Instead of Batteries
Another alternative is to install a memory capacitor. In essence, a memory capacitor is similar to a rechargeable battery, although, the likelihood of a memory capacitor leaking is greatly reduced compared to a rechargeable battery. When the game is turned on, it is charging the capacitor. When the game is turned off (this is where the memory cap slightly differs than a rechargeable battery) the memory capacitor slowly loses its charge over time. Therefore, it is imperative that the game periodically be turned on to allow the capacitor to charge up to its full capacity again. If a game will not be turned on for long lengths of time, a memory capacitor may not be the best solution.
When installing a memory cap, two things will have to be done. It will be necessary to add a jumper to tie the negative lead of the cap to ground or positive lead to the non-banded side of the blocking diode. The picture to the left shows a jumper added to tie the negative lead of the cap to ground on a System 11B MPU board. Installation on System 11, 11A, and 11C boards is similarly performed. Secondly, the 1N4148 blocking diode (D2) will have to be removed, and a zero ohm jumper must be installed. A scrap piece from the leg of a new resistor or diode will do the trick. Adding a jumper where the blocking diode once was, enables the game to charge the capacitor. Once the capacitor is installed, and the board installed back in the game, it is a good idea to leave the game on for 15-20 minutes to allow the game to initially charge the capacitor to full capacity. After that, turning the game on monthly for about 10 minutes to allow the cap to recharge is a good idea.
Note: Installing a 120 ohm (or so) resistor in place of the jumper (where the 1N4148 was originally installed) prevents the SuperCap from being the equivalent of a dead short when the capacitor initially charges.
4.4.7 Repairing Alkaline Corrosion
As can be seen at left, the traces on System 11 MPUs are very small. Not much alkaline damage is required to eat completely through these delicate traces. Unfortunately, there are a great many of these traces under the battery holder, and in a very vulnerable position to alkaline damage.
Also, to the left of the battery holder is the reset section of the MPU. That section is, on balance, much easier to repair than the delicate traces under the battery holder and at the 6821 PIAs immediately under the battery holder.
To begin, remove the battery holder entirely from the MPU board. Remove any socketed ICs that might get wet during this process. Use a brass brush (or other slightly soft bristle brush) to remove loose alkaline bits. Scuff the solder where the alkaline has invaded it. Wash the affected areas with a 50/50 mix of vinegar and water. Scrub the corrosion with a soft brush. Rinse with water, then rinse again with 91% or 99% isopropyl alcohol to displace the water. Let the board dry thoroughly. An air compressor works great to blow moisture from under ICs. Or, let the board sit in the sun for a few hours.
Unfortunately, often the alkaline will eat into traces that are beneath the PIAs at U41 and U42. This dictates desoldering of those chips to remove the corrosion and repair traces. The alkaline interacts chemically with the solder making it very difficult to heat. Desoldering from the (presumably undamaged) back side of the board is much easier. Scuffing the alkaline damaged solder with a wire brush to remove the surface layer of damage is also helpful.
Use fine sand paper to expose all damaged traces. You'll be able to identify damaged traces easily as they will be discolored under the solder mask.
At the top of the board are a few "SRC" parts. These are 10 pin resistor/capacitor SIPs. The OEM part connects each driver line to a 4.7Kohm pull-up resistor connected to 5VDC. This guarantees that the signal is held at logic high until the PIA grounds the signal. The OEM part also connects each driver line to a high frequency noise filter capacitor (470pf). These parts are no longer available. A completely acceptable substitute is a 9 pin bussed, 8 resistor network (4.7Kohms) at positions SRC1 - SRC5 and SRC7 - SRC9. This part provides the pull-up resistor. In practice, the high frequency filter capacitor does not impact the displays.
The part is installed as shown in the picture at right, with pin 1 of the part connected to the right side which is labeled pin 1 in the board silkscreen. A 10 pin (9 bussed resistors) part may be used ONLY if the left most pin is clipped and not connected to ground.
An image of the original OEM part is shown at right.
Another example of alkaline corrosion can be seen in the picture on the left. This damage can be cleaned up, retinned, and the board placed back in service.
4.4.8 An Alternative to Rebuilding the Reset Circuit / Using a Reset Generator (System 9)
The reset section of the System 9 MPU is almost identical to the System 11 reset section. As such, a modification similar to the mod outlined below can be performed on System 9 boards too.
- Remove resistors R6, R8, and R12. Really, all but R6 can simply be clipped off. One through hole at R6 will be used later.
- Remove transistor Q4
- Install a reset generator (MCP120-460GI/TO) where Q4 was removed. Orient the reset generator the same way that Q4 was oriented, matching the PCB silkscreen.
- Add a jumper from the upper leg of where R6 was removed (oriented as shown in the picture, upside-down from game installation) to the via that is about 1/4" southeast of the R6 connection.
That's it. Most of the rest of the reset circuit can be removed, but this provides no advantage since those parts are already "out of circuit" with this modification.
The MCP130 reset generator variant, with an internal 4.7K ohm resistor can be used too, but it isn't necessary. This is because the resistor at R170 provides an external 4.7K ohm pull up for the /RESET line.
Note that the reset generator has a longer reset delay than the OEM circuitry. At boot, the 7 segment LED will seem to show a "7" for a fraction of a second. It will turn to a "0" and remain "0" after that, assuming that the board is booting properly.
4.4.9 An Alternative to Rebuilding the Reset Circuit / Using a Reset Generator (All versions of System 11)
There is an alternative to the stock reset circuit on all versions of the System 11 MPU boards. A reset generator can be installed. Since the reset section of all versions of the System 11 MPU board are susceptible to battery damage, this is a very easy, and minimalistic way to rebuild the reset section. To do so, 4 components will need to be removed and a jumper installed. The following work will have to be done.
- Remove the Q39 transistor.
- Remove the following resistors - (from top to bottom as installed on the board) R58, R60 (these two are just below the Q39 transistor), and R69.
- Add reset generator MCP120-460GI/TO where Q39 was. Orient the reset generator in the same manner Q39 was oriented (pin 1 of reset generator will install in the bottom through hole). In other words, the "flat" side of the reset generator will face to the right.
- Add a jumper between the right pad of R58 and the right pad of R60 (both resistors have been removed).
This a very simple, and in some cases, cheaper alternative to repairing the existing reset circuit. After this modification is performed, the MPU board will no longer need the +12v to successfully boot. However, +12v is still necessary for the sound section of the MPU on most boards, except the 11B and 11C variants. Likewise, any of the other components in the reset circuit can be removed if desired. Please consult the System 11 MPU board BOM and schematics to determine exactly what components can be removed. The MCP120-460GI/TO reset generator can be purchased from Great Plains Electronics. The MCP130 variant with an internal 4.7K ohm resistor can be used, but it is not necessary. This is because resistor network SR19 pin 3 is an external 4.7K ohm resistor used to pull up the /RESET line.
Below is a prime example of where a reset generator is very handy. The amount of components replaced are reduced from 15-20 to 1. Note that because this was an 11B board, there is no sound amplifier on the board. Hence, the +12v is not needed at all, and none of the parts related to the +12v were repopulated. If this were an 11 or 11A board, the +12v inductor (or a jumper), the W10 / W11 jumper, and associated capacitors (C27, C28, and C29) would have to be populated.
- A Prime Candidate for Using a Reset Generator (11B MPU Board Shown)
Battery alkali leeched into the reset section.
Components removed, affected traces and pads cleaned and treated.
Components repopulated. The image above shows the single jumper and the exact minimum parts required when using a reset generator.
In the above gallery pics, note that some components in the reset area had to be reinstalled. These components are in the area of the reset section, but are not part of the reset circuitry. They are actually related to the game RAM, enabling CMOS power to reach the RAM and to control pin 18, the chip enable pin of the RAM. Without these parts, the MPU will not successfully boot. Instead, there will be a single blink code from the diagnostic LED (a "1" will display on boards with the 7-segment display). If the game display is connected to the MPU board, a "U25 RAM ERROR" message will be displayed.
- D1 - 1N5817 diode
- Q40 - 2N3904 transistor (a 2N4401 was used in this case)
- R64 - 1 Kohm 1/4 watt resistor
- R65 - 10 Kohm 1/4 watt resistor
- R68 - 4.7 Kohm 1/4 watt resistor
4.4.10 Connecting a logic probe to the MPU Board
Of course, +5v and ground can always be acquired at any one of the bypass capacitors, which are located at most every chip, and simply labeled as "B".
4.4.11 Using a PC Power Supply For Bench Testing MPU Board
The 1J17 power connection is essentially the same for System 9 and all variants of the System 11 MPU boards. The ground connection can be attached to pins 1 through 3. The +5vdc connection can be connected to pins 4 through 6. -12vdc gets connected to pin 8 and +12vdc gets connected to pin 9.
4.5 Game resets
System 9/11 games are far more tolerant of low line conditions vs. the newer WPC games. Some things to check if the game is resetting are the usual culprits for this type of thing: connectors, filter capacitors, slam switches, bad chip sockets, etc. It is good preventative maintenance to replace the +5 volt filter capacitor on the power supply with a new one; most of these are 25+ years old and might be getting to the point of wearing out. Certainly replace them if you are getting resetting on your system 11 game.
Most system 11 games give an indication that they've been slam tilted; if you're getting a "game reset" but you get a noise and/or a message on the displays beforehand, it is probably a slam switch issue vs. a true reset issue. Check all the slam switches in the game (usually the coin door is the main one, and also the ball roll tilt if present).
4.6 Solenoid problems
4.6.1 A/C solenoid/flasher problems
The A/C select relay is a dual "make/break" (DPDT, double pole, double throw) relay that supplies power to either the "A-Side" or the "C-Side". It is located on the Auxiliary Power/Driver Board for games that use the board which was introduced with Big Guns and used on all subsequent games. For games prior to Big Guns, like F-14 Tomcat, the relay is probably located under the playfield. There are exceptions. High Speed and Grand Lizard do not use an A/C select relay. Road Kings uses one for a handful of solenoids, but this game did not follow the 1-8 solenoid convention which games after it adopted.
There are a couple ways that the A-Side / C-Side (A/C after this) relay circuit can fail. If the driving transistor (Q8 for Big Guns and later, Q7 for games prior to Big Guns, and located on the MPU board) shorts, the A/C select relay will be constantly energized, resulting in flashers firing when coils should have fired. If the driving transistor never switches the A/C select relay on, coils will fire when flashers should have fired.
Testing this behavior is easy. Use the diagnostic buttons to select solenoid test, and watch carefully to see what fires. The display will show the coil/flasher under test. The first 8 drive circuits tested will have an "A-Side" and a "C-Side". That is, circuits will fire in the following order: 1A, 1C, 2A, 2C, ... 8A, 8C. If the A/C select circuit is not working correctly, the same coil or flasher will fire twice in a row, once for the A side and once for the C side.
The A/C select relay is generally solenoid 12 in coil test. Placing the "Auto Advance" button in the up position, to repeatedly test solenoid 12, should allow you to hear the A/C relay clicking on and off.
If all of "one side" of the A/C select circuit is not working, the fuse supplying the voltage to that side may be blown. F2 (DC side of BR1) and F8 (AC side of BR1) fuse the 25V circuit. F4 (DC side of BR2) and F7 (AC side of BR2) fuse the 50V circuit. Another suspect is fractured solder joints on the A/C select relay. Reflowing these solder joints is simple. The A/C select relay is relatively heavy and it's weight puts stress on the solder connection at the printed circuit board.
It is rare for the A/C relay itself to fail. A possible source of trouble are the miniature contacts on the relay wipers. These are high power, high current, contacts that can be filed with a small point file to restore proper current carrying capacity. Under no circumstances should you ever use contact cleaner on these contacts, as this could cause a spark or fire to occur. Be careful to not mangle the contact wipers in an attempt to adjust them. Adjust with care. 99% of the time, these switch contacts need no maintenance at all.
Pictured at left is a disassembled A/C select relay with both the A Side and the C Side connected at the center contact pads. It's rare for one of these relays to "weld" itself to both sides. In this particular instance, the game would fire both the A-side coil and the C-side flasher at the same time.
Other failure points are the connectors and headers connecting the aux driver board to the main cpu/driver board. Fractured solder joints can affect the proper operation of the relay. It is good practice to replace, or at minimum, reflow the header pins, and to replace connector pins in their housings with new pins. System 11 games use .156 connectors in most locations.
And finally, the solder joints holding the A/C select relay to the board may fracture and cause loss of connectivity.
On a related note, if the flashers never illuminate during game or test, but the A/C relay physically engages, likewise the flasher lamps are good, and power is present at the lamps, suspect potential failure of the U1 (4N25) U1 optocoupler on the interconnect board. Starting with Jokerz, the U1 optocoupler on the D-12313 interconnect board was used to identify whether or not the A/C relay has engaged. Under normal operation, if the A/C relay has engaged, the voltage on the "C" side passes back to the optocoupler. In turn, there is a switch on the switch matrix, typically switch 2, which receives the signal from the U1 optocoupler. Note that U1 is on some previous games like Taxi, but it was not used.
4.6.2 Special solenoid problems
Special solenoids on system 11 games are similar to the earlier variants used on all previous Williams' boardsets. During gameplay/test modes the primary switches on the special solenoids (usually the pops and slings) are active, allowing actuation of those switches to fire the solenoids. This is done by grounding an input to a 7402 logic chip which in turn pre-drives a 2n4401 pre-driver transistor which drives a TIP122 darlington transistor to fire the solenoid.
During solenoid test mode only, the secondary path to the 7402 is utilized instead to fire the solenoids. Since there are 2 paths to fire the solenoids, it is possible for a special solenoid to work in game/test mode, but fail the solenoid test due to a failed PIA or 7402 chip, and vice-versa.
If a special solenoid actuation switch locks on, the solenoid itself will lock on as well, (hopefully) blowing the associated fuse before blowing all or some of the TIP122/2N4401/7402 circuit. An inline fuse holder can be added to all special solenoids with a 1 amp fuse installed to help prevent this situation.
There is a 22uF capacitor and a 100 ohm resistor mounted across the special solenoid switches. The use of the capacitor and resistor creates what is called an RC circuit. The RC circuit is used to filter noise from the switch signal as well as to ensure a minimum pulse length for the solenoid activation. If using a polarized capacitor the positive terminal goes to the tie point with one end of the resistor attached. Should a special solenoid lock on, and the switch leaves are properly gapped, the issue may be a shorted switch capacitor or resistor.
Later system 11B games do not use the special solenoids in the same way. Special solenoid switches were added to the switch matrix instead, keeping all or some of the solenoid pulses under CPU control. It is easy to identify whether a game has CPU controlled special solenoids by inspecting the activation switches on the special solenoids. If there are both a primary and a secondary switch installed, the game operates via the direct-fire special solenoid setup. (Note that a secondary switch in the case of slingshots does not mean the normal 2nd switch all slings shots employ. Rather, it refers to a switch that only activates when the sling activates. It is installed near the pivot point of the sling arm underneath the playfield.) Also the secondary switches go to CPU connector J18. If nothing is connected to J18, then the special solenoids are CPU controlled. In earlier 11B games like BK2K only the kickers are CPU controlled while the pop bumpers still use the secondary switches.
The usual cause of special solenoid circuit failure is a stuck switch that locks the associated solenoid on, causing the TIP-122 transistor to fail and the coil to get so hot that the winding insulation melts (causing a reduction of coil resistance, eventually approaching zero ohms). The zener diode (pictured, left) in the circuit may fail shorted as well. This will cause the associated coil to lock on even after repair of the other damaged circuitry since the zener is connected directly to ground. The shorted zener diode causes the 7402/2N4401/TIP122 circuit to react identically to a switch closure. Gack!
4.6.3 Unusual Solenoid Problems
The System 11 method of securing boards sometimes causes odd problems. The securing screws must be removed completely to remove a board vs the improved WPC method of sliding the board off the screw head via a "keyhole".
When securing the boards, it's important to ensure that wires aren't pinched behind the board. If a wire is pinched severely enough, the insulation will be displaced and the conductor will contact the backbox ground plain, which can cause a wide range of odd problems.
The wire in the picture shown at left happened to be the ground path for coil #1, the outhole kicker on Whirlwind. When the game was powered on, the coil would lock on until the blanking circuit became active. Pressing the diagnostic/audit coin door button would also result in the coil locking on. This was actually the A/C relay flipping to the coil side for diagnostics and providing power to the coils. The outhole coil had a path to ground via the pinched wire and would lock on. A game could be started and the coil appeared to work properly until any of the 1 through 8 coils were activated (when the A/C select relay would energize again). At that time, the outhole coil would fire at the same time as the other 1 through 8 coil.
This one was a real head scratcher!
4.7 Lamp problems
This may seem painfully obvious, but with any lamp problem, where all lamps in the same circuit are not lighting, first see if the associated fuse is blown.
4.7.1 General Illumination Issues
As a rule of thumb, general illumination (GI) lamp issues with System 9 or 11 games are dependent on the era of the game. The reason for this is GI circuits passed through different boards over the years. And, the majority of GI issues are typically due to the circuit board. Not so much the circuit board itself, but the junction between the header pin connections on the circuit board and the connector pins located in the female housings.
It is extremely common for the header pins and / or the female connections related to the GI circuit to heat up, and in worse cases char or burn. When some of these games were in operation earning money, they could potentially be turned on for 8, 12, or more hours every day. If the connectors were compromised at some time in the game's life, the issues become compounded.
The problem is a vicious cycle. If either side of the connector heats up, it creates more resistance. If it creates more resistance, it draws more current. If it draws more current, it heats up. This cycle continues until the connector blows the circuit's fuse (provided the proper fuse is installed and not by-passed), the connectors are so bad that the circuit no longer has continuity, or the connectors are replaced with new ones. It is recommended that both the male header pin connector be replaced and the associated pin connectors which connect to it. Replacing only one side of the connector is only asking for repeat problems down the road. Header pins rated for 7 amp are highly recommended as a replacement. If the 7A headers are used, the likelihood of the connector failing due to heat is greatly reduced. Likewise, the use of Molex Trifurcon connector pins are recommended.
Another prevalent problem is the failure of the relay board or the relay board connectors. GI relay boards are typically found under the playfield and on the back of the lamp insert panel. The job of the relay board is to switch the GI lamps on/off for special lighting effects. Over many years of operation, the solder joints on the connector may fracture. Although it is more common for the male/female connectors to burn badly. Repinning these connectors, as is typical for GI connectors, is the prescribed fix.
4.7.1.1 Games From Space Shuttle to Fire!
During this time period, general illumination entered the power supply [1 / 2], was parsed, and exited the power supply as 4 separate circuits [4]. Although there were 4 discrete GI circuits with 4 separate fuses [5], all 4 circuits were turned on/off via one relay [3] located on the power supply.
Note that the factory connection on the power supply for System 9 games differs than what is shown in the picture. Connections [1 / 2] do not exist on System 9 games, and only two wires are used to input the general illumination instead of four.
4.7.1.2 Games From Big Guns to Swords of Fury
With all the games mentioned in this particular section, there were some design growing pains. Williams was creating a preliminary interconnect board, however, it was very different from game to game at first. Therefore, GI issues may occur at the power supply connections, the interconnect board connections, and / or at one of the discrete GI relay boards used. Since single-sided circuit boards were used for the GI relay boards, cracked solder joints where the relay is soldered to the board is possible in addition to the header pins.
4.7.1.3 Games From Taxi to Bugs Bunny's Birthday Ball
The games included during this era used a somewhat standardized interconnect board located below the CPU board. The GI circuits coming directly from the transformer enter the board on the right side at connector J6. The top 4 wires are yellow and the lower 4 wires are yellow with a white trace. In actuality, the GI wires are only 4 wires, instead of 8 wires. Once the upper 2 wires reach the board, each of them are daisy-chained through the insulation displacement connector (IDC). Equally, the bottom 2 wires are connected in the same fashion. This was presumedly done to reduce cost, and decrease the life expectancy of the connection as a whole.
The most typical header connections that fail on the interconnect board are J6 (the GI input and return) and J7 (the GI output and return lines to the backbox insert). The purpose of the picture to the left is to easily identify what GI circuits pass through what connections. This will aid in attempting to check the continuity of your rework, whether only replacing just one of the header connectors or both.
Please note that the wiring color codes for J6 in the pic are not the incoming wire colors. The wiring codes in the pic are illustrated this way to determine where the GI circuits disperse throughout the board. The game's schematics in the manual include this information too.
Keep in mind that discrete GI relay boards were still used during this time period. Dependent on the game, there may be one to three discrete GI relay boards used. Again, since single-sided circuit boards were used for the GI relay boards, cracked solder joints where the relay is soldered to the board is possible in addition to the header pins.
4.7.1.3.1 Repairing the General Illumination Input Connector / Wiring
From the factory, only 4 wires total were connected to the GI power and return input connector, which is located on the right hand side of the interconnect board. With only 4 discrete connections per wire from the transformer, 8 wires are needed to connect to the interconnect board. The top 4 wires are yellow and the lower 4 wires are yellow with a white trace. To increase 2 wire connections to 4 wire connections, the wires connect to the IDC connector via one connector pin, pass through that connector pin, and loop back to another connector pin. In doing this, the life expectancy of the connector and the header pins on the interconnect board are reduced (too much current for these connections to maintain over their lifespan). The end result is typically burnt connector pins, housings, headers, and in some cases, the interconnect board too.
To resolve the burnt connection issue, the header pins on the interconnect board should be replaced with new ones. Preferably 7A higher current rated header pins. As for the harness side, the housing should be replaced too, and Molex Trifurcon crimp pins used within the housing. To compensate for the extra wires needed, each of the input wires will need a "Y" junction soldered in place. To do so, take a small piece of wire approximately 4" - 5" long. In the middle of the small piece of wire, carefully strip the insulation, leaving about 1/4" of exposed wire. Place a piece of heatshrink on the single incoming wire. Then, bend the small piece of wire at its center where the insulation is stripped, until both ends leads are nearly parallel with one another. Take the incoming wire, and solder it to the exposed wire in the center. The end result will look like a rudimentary "Y". Pull the heatshrink over the junction, and that's it. This needs to be done for the remaining 3 wires.
4.7.2 Controlled Lamp Issues
4.7.2.1 Lamp Sockets
Failed lamp sockets are not very common with System 9-11c games. If a specific lamp will not illuminate, spinning the lamp socket canister or solder tab can resolve the issue in some cases. One thing to keep in mind is that all controlled lamp sockets have a diode soldered to two of the lamp socket tabs. Due to this, the legs of the diode can get pressed against other leads on the lamp socket resulting in an electrical short. The end result may be a lamp which shines more brightly than other lamps in the same column or row, or a whole lamp column or row will illuminate dimly when they shouldn't be lit at all. The resolution is to inspect all associated lamps in the column or row, and look for solder tabs or diode legs touching where they should not be.
4.7.2.2 Lamp Boards
Starting with Pinbot, Williams introduced lamp boards. Lamp boards were used in areas where lamp inserts were positioned too closely together, and it did not make logical sense (or it was not physically possible) to use individual lamp sockets. With subsequent games, lamp boards were used whenever lamp inserts were "nested" in groups. This trend was presumedly done to save on assembly and production costs. One benefit of lamp boards is that bulb replacemnt became easier in most cases. A simple turn of the twist lamp socket (WMS # 24-8767), and the 555 bulb could be removed.
The first generations of lamp boards had the lamp column and row wires soldered directly to the board. On one hand, this is beneficial, because there is one less mechanical connection used in the lamp circuits. On the other hand, it makes it more difficult to remove the lamp boards completely from the game to clean and / or service. On the plus side, very little goes wrong with the direct wired lamp boards.
Two things that can fail are individual lamp circuit diodes or the solder pads can develop "divots", where the twist sockets make physical contact with the board. To overcome the divots, simply add a little solder, and carefully reflow the solder pads. Make certain not to apply too much heat...just enough to evenly flow the solder.
With Fire!, Williams started using lamp boards with .156" header connections for the lamp column and row lines. This allowed for easy removal and service of the lamp boards. However, it introduced some new problems. Because the lamp boards used were single-sided, (this was presumably a cost analysis decision), the .156" header pins can develop cold solder joints and crack due to vibration. The problem can easily be rectified by removing the old solder from the header pins, and applying fresh, new solder. This style of lamp board is susceptible to the same issues (bad diodes and divots) as mentioned in the direct wired lamp boards section above.
4.7.2.3 Adjacent Columns or Rows Lighting Simultaneously
A problem seen fairly often is the tabs of either column drives or row returns touching, and therefore shorted and causing more than one column (in the picture at left) or row to light at the same time. If you have this issue, it's easy to quickly examine the column drive and row return transistors.
4.7.2.4 Lamp Matrix Row and Column Testing
The CPU logic for the lamp matrix can be tested by connecting a spare lamp using a jumper wire. The following sections show the separate procedures for testing the lamp matrix columns and rows. The example is on a Sys11A PinBot, but applies to all Sys11 CPU boards.
Testing the lamp matrix columns:
Use the following procedure to test the TIP42 transistors that drive the lamp matrix columns. Note that a diode is not needed for these tests since it's function is to prevent interaction between the lamps in the matrix. In this test we are only connecting a single lamp at a time.
- Remove the backglass and open the insert to get access to CPU board connectors 1J6 (row) and 1J7 (column).
- Unplug connectors 1J6 and 1J7 (lower right corner of CPU board)
- Turn the game on and go to the "All Lamps" test in the Test/Diagnostic Menu. This is done by opening the coin door an pressing: MANUAL-DOWN, ADVANCE, AUTO-UP, ADVANCE x 2
- Clip one end of the test jumper to 1J6 pin 1, the rightmost pin on the connector
- Touch the other end of the jumper to 1J7 pin 1, the rightmost pin on the connector
- The test lamp should flash to indicate that the column driver is working.
- Repeat the test for the pins 2 through 9 on 1J7. There is no pin 5 as it is the key.
If a column doesn't light or is stuck on, reference the lamp matrix table in the manual to identify the transistor to test.
The following table shows the lamp number and driving transistor for each of the column pins.
| Pin | Wire Colors | Lamp number | Transistor number |
|---|---|---|---|
Testing the lamp matrix rows:
Use the following procedure to test the TIP102/122 transistors that drive the lamp matrix rows.
- Remove the backglass and open the insert to get access to CPU board connectors 1J6 (row) and 1J7 (column).
- Unplug connectors 1J6 and 1J7 (lower right corner of CPU board)
- Turn the game on and go to the "All Lamps" test in the Test/Diagnostic Menu. This is done by opening the coin door an pressing: MANUAL-DOWN, ADVANCE, AUTO-UP, ADVANCE x 2
- Clip one end of the test jumper to 1J7 pin 1, the rightmost pin on the connector
- Touch the other end of the jumper to 1J6 pin 1, the rightmost pin on the connector
- The test lamp should flash to indicate that the column driver is working.
- Repeat the test for the pins 2 through 9 on 1J6. There is no pin 4 as it is the key.
If a row doesn't light or is stuck on, reference the lamp matrix table in the manual to identify the transistor to test. The following table shows the lamp number and driving transistor for each of the row pins.
| Pin | Wire Colors | Lamp number | Transistor number |
|---|---|---|---|
4.7.2.5 Using MOSFETs in the Lamp Matrix Circuitry
Procedure by Marco Albus
The original Williams (and Data East) lamp matrix circuitry dissipates a lot of heat through the 27 ohm current limiting resistors. Often, this part of the circuit board is badly heat damaged. Using modern MOSFETs (IRF9530, IRF9Z34N or FQP17P06), the heat (and power consumption) can be reduced substantially.
Once MOSFETs are substituted for the TIPs in the lamp driver circuit, it is possible to replace the 27 ohm resistors with simple jumpers or even leave the 27 ohm resistors in place if they are in good shape as the low resistance will have a negligible effect on the operation of the MOSFET. However, the problem with either of these is that the MOSFETs are driven by 18 VDC Source to Gate voltage which is dangerously close to the absolute maximum rating of the IRF9530 and IRF9Z34 of 20 VDC (this also holds true for Data East MPUs). The FQP17P06 has a higher Vgs rating (25VDC) than either the IRF9530 or IRF9Z34N - but you are still driving the part at over 70% of its absolute maximum. Typical uses for these MOSFETs drive them by about 10 VDC Source to Gate voltage (or -10V for P-Channel MOSFET's used here).
The schematics shown at left compare the widely used "Zero Ohm Jumper" implemenation with the "Voltage Divider" implementation that uses two 1K, 1/4 watt resistors to divide the source 18 VDC in half. Doing so drives the MOSFET with a 9 VDC Vgs.
Parts Required
- 8 P-Channel MOSFETs (IRF9530, IRF9Z34N or FQP17P06)
- 16 1K Ohm 1/4 Watt resistors
Procedure
- Remove the TIP-42 transistors (System 9: Q23-30; System 11: Q52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66)
- Remove the 27 Ohm resistors (System 9: R101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115; System 11: R82-89)
- Remove the 2.2K ohm resistor network (System 9: SR5; System 11: SR16)
- In place of the 27 Ohm resistors, install 1K Ohm resistors
- In place of the TIP 42 transistors, install the P-Channel MOSFETs, oriented the same as the TIP-42s were oriented
- On the solder side of the board, install eight 1K Ohm resistors between the MOSFET gate and the 18VDC source.
4.8 Switch problems
4.8.1 System 9 Switch Matrix Explained
General Description
At regular intervals, say 1 every msec or so, the 6808 microprocessor scans the switch matrix. This is done by pulling one switch column to ground, then sensing the switch row return state. Each row on which ground is detected means that the switch at the intersection of the column grounded and the detected row ground, is closed.
Hardware Detail
The 6808 writes the column data to the address location occupied by the 6821 at U15 on the board. This causes the 6821 output registers (PB0 – PB7) to propagate the data to a 74LS244 octal buffer at U45. The 74LS244 mirrors that same data at it's output pins. The data pattern on these output pins will have all bits set to logic “1” except one bit, which will be set to logic zero, or electrical ground. The ground is applied to the base of a 2N3904 transistor (which had been held high by a 4.7K SIP pull-up resistor SR8) where the ground is applied to the switch column (called switch matrix drives on the schematic).
Closed switches connected to that column will then cause the normally high (via yet another pull up resistor, SR16) gate at a 74LS08 quad NAND gate (U51 and U52) to be pulled to ground. This NAND gate enables the circuitry to detect a switch closure returned via either connector 1J9 or 1J10.
The 6808 then “reads” the row returns by reading from the address space occupied by the same 6821 at U15 used to pulse the column strobes earlier. This time it reads 6821 registers PA0 – PA7.
Again, the processor knows which column it drew to ground, and it knows which rows were caused to be pulled to ground via closed switches attached to the column. From this information, the closed switches can be identified. Genius. Bania: “I'm tellin' ya Jerry, this switch matrix stuff is gold Jerry, it's gold!”.
The switch diode isolates the switch in the matrix. Without this isolation diode, multiple simultaneous switch closures will cause false returns and confuse the processor. A switch diode that is open will always prevent a switch from registering, in the same way that a broken wire or failed open switch would.
4.8.2 Switch Matrix Row and Column Testing
The CPU logic for the switch matrix can be tested by simulating switch closures using a jumper wire on both System 9 and System 11 (all revision levels) MPUs.
As seen at left, testing the switch matrix rows and columns on a System 9 MPU is identical to testing on a System 11 MPU except for which connectors to use. The switch columns on the System 9 MPU at 1J8 are numbered right to left. The switch rows at 1J10 are numbered left to right. 1J9 is available (sometimes not stuffed) for opto switch processing, although this feature may never been used.
The System 9 switch matrix operates on 5VDC. The switch columns at 1J8 are "strobed" by being pulled to ground successively by the 6821 PIA. The switch columns are normally pulled high via a pull-up resistor. If the switch at the intersection of the column and row is closed, when the column is strobed, the row will be pulled low too. In this way, the processor knows which column it strobed, and which rows return that strobe.
The following sections show the separate procedures for testing the system 11 switch matrix columns and rows. The example is on a Sys11A PinBot, but applies to all Sys11 CPU boards.
Testing the switch matrix columns:
- Remove the backglass and open the insert to get access to CPU board connectors 1J8 (column) and 1J10 (row).
- Turn the game on and go to the "Switch Edges" test in the Test/Diagnostic Menu. This is done by opening the coin door an pressing: MANUAL-DOWN, ADVANCE, AUTO-UP, ADVANCE x 6
- Unplug connectors 1J8 and 1J10
- Clip one end of the test jumper to 1J10 pin 9, the leftmost pin on the connector
- Touch the other end of the jumper to 1J8 pin 1, the rightmost pin on the connector
- The display should report that switch 1 was actuated. The test may report the switch name, refer to the switch matrix table in the manual to correlate the name to the switch number.
- Move the jumper to 1J8 pin 2 and check the reported switch by comparing to row 1 in the switch matrix table
- Continue to test the rest of the pins on 1J8. There is no pin 6 as it is the key.
The following table shows the switch number that should be reported for each of the column pins.
| Pin | Wire Colors | Switch number |
|---|---|---|
Testing the switch matrix rows:
- Remove the backglass and open the insert to get access to CPU board connectors 1J8 (column) and 1J10 (row).
- Turn the game on and go to the "Switch Edges" test in the Test/Diagnostic Menu. This is done by opening the coin door an pressing: MANUAL-DOWN, ADVANCE, AUTO-UP, ADVANCE x 6
- Unplug connectors 1J8 and 1J10
- Clip one end of the test jumper to 1J8 pin 1, the rightmost pin on the connector
- Touch the other end of the jumper to 1J10 pin 1, the rightmost pin on the connector
- The display should report that switch 1 was actuated
- Move the jumper to 1J10 pin 2 and check the reported switch by comparing to column 1 in the switch matrix table
- Continue to test the rest of the pins on 1J10. There is no pin 4 as it is the key.
The following table shows the switch number that should be reported for each of the row pins.
| Pin | Wire Colors | Switch number |
|---|---|---|
4.8.3 Shorted or non-working switch column
One or more failed switch columns can be caused by a failed column drive transistor (Q42 through Q49, all 2N4401s) or a failed 1K SIP resistor pack at SRC6.
The column drive transistor part was changed with the system 11B MPU. System 9 to 11A MPUs use 2N3904 transistors at location Q42 to Q49 with 1.5Kohm inline resistors (R71 through R78). These column drive transistors fail quite often as these MPUs age. These 2N3904 transistors can be replaced with 2N4401s.
When System 11B was introduced, the switch column drives were changed to 2N5550s with 470 ohm inline resistors. The more commonly found, and beefier 2N5551, is a good substitute for the 2N5550. Before replacing the transistor, be sure which kind the board uses. Some early system 11B MPUs were stuffed with 2N3904s despite the schematics indicating otherwise.
A broken SIP can also cause a switch column not to work. This usually happens with System 11 and 11A CPUs. With 11B WMS also changed the switch section layout and eliminated most of the SIPs. The likely candidates are SRC6 and SR11. In the case of SRC6, measure resistance between pin 1 and 2 to 9. If it's broken it's usually open after pin 3 or 4. This is a bussed 1K SIP with additional 470pfd capacitors connected to ground and practically NLA. Fortunately the caps are not needed because they are also mounted on the board so it can be replaced with a standard 9-8 1K SIP. Pin 10 which is the common ground for the caps is not used here. SR11 is a standard bussed 560 ohm 10-9 SIP. Here you measure resistance between pin 1 and pin 2 to 10. Be aware that two types of SIPs are used on the board: bussed and isolated. If you suspect a different SIP has failed check the schematics for the pin layout.
Pictured at left is a broken resistor package similar to SRC6 but out of a System 11 master display. As can be seen, the part may look solid to the naked eye, but it's actually fractured.
4.8.4 Ground Row Shorts
A possible cause for one or more ground row shorts (indicated by the game software on the score display during switch test) is a fractured resistor SIP at SR11 (a 560 ohm 10-pin bussed resistor network). SR11 is a pull-up resistor that is connected between each switch row return and 5VDC. If the return is not pulled up, that return will look like a low signal continuously, which the MPU interprets as a row ground short. Visual inspection of the SIP might or might not identify the cause of the problem. A better test is to remove the switch row return connector (J10) and probe each pin with a logic probe. The logic probe should indicate "high" for every pin.
Specific to the board pictured at left, a logic probe indicated that J10 pins 1, 2, and 3 were all high but the remaining pins had no signal at all. The fracture can easily be seen between pins 5 and 6 of the SIP (pin 4 isn't used) meaning that pins 6 through 10 were not connected to 5VDC and therefore not pulling the switch row return to logic high. Hence, the MPU declared a row ground short for rows 1 through 5. Note that he actual fracture can rarely be seen prior to attempted removal of the resistor network from the MPU board.
4.8.5 4N25 Opto Couplers in the Switch Matrix
System 11 games that include an Interconnect Board may use 4N25 Opto Couplers to detect power being applied to the flippers or to detect 28VDC being applied to the A/C relay (as in Rollergames). Pre-Fliptronic WPC games that use the -1 power/driver board also use 4N25 Opto Couplers.
These opto couplers are connected to the game switch matrix. Detecting these switches is most often used for lane change and for entering HSTD initials. If one of these functions no longer works, the 4N25 opto couplers should be considered suspect.
Fortunately, testing an opto coupler is simple using the diode test function provided by most DMMs. Set the DMM to diode test, compare results against those pictured below.
- Testing a 4N25 Opto Coupler
The internal schematic of the 4N25. Pins 1 and 2 connect to an internal diode (LED). Pins 4 thru 6 connect to a PNP photo transistor. 
Testing the diode connected to pins 1 and 2 
Testing part of the photo transistor. Black on pin 5, red on pin 6 
Testing part of the photo transistor. Black on pin 4, red on pin 6
4.8.6 Opto Switches Not Registering with a Rottendog MPU / Driver Board Installed
If the opto switches are not registering at all in a game, and a Rottendog MPU board is being used, suspect that it is an older style board. This board can easily be upgraded though. U2 will have to be switched from a 74HCT240 to a 74HC240 chip, and RA5 will have to be changed from a 9-pin 4.7K ohm bussed SIP resistor network to a 9-pin 560 ohm bussed SIP resistor network.
4.9 Display problems
System 9/11 High Voltage Section Repair
WARNING: This circuit uses high voltages. Don't continue, unless you are confident in your diagnostic abilities.
4.9.1 High Voltage Issues With the Power Supply
4.9.1.1 Check Voltages
If all displays are blank, your high voltage (HV) section may not be working.
On the Power Supply Board, use a DMM set to DC volts with the - lead grounded, probe the following connector
pins to determine if the HV section needs repair. If the display fuse, F1 is blowing,
you should remove the applicable display connector (with power off) before testing the voltages. Note that these are "loaded" voltages. If you are testing on the bench, or without displays connected, your measurements may vary.
If you have Power Supply D-11883 or D-12246:
3J2 pin 1 = -100 volts DC
3J2 pin 3 = +100 volts DC
If you have Power Supply D-8345-xxx:
3J5 pin 3 = -100 volts DC
3J5 pin 4 = +100 volts DC
If the test points are more than about 5 volts out of spec, then your HV section may
be malfunctioning (if you or a previous owner replaced Z2/Z4 with 1N4763A diodes to purposely reduce the display voltage, test readings in the 90's range would be normal).
Check the table below for a solution.
4.9.1.2 Troubleshooting table
| Symptom | Possible Cause | Replacement |
| 0V ON BOTH +100/-100 lines | Check F1 | 1/4 Amp SB |
| 0V on +100V line | Open Diode D3 | 1N4004 |
| Open Q2 | 2N5401 | |
| Shorted Zeners ZR1, ZR2 | 1N4730A and 1N4763A | |
| Open Q1 | MJE340 | |
| Open R1 | 39k ohm, at least 1 watt | |
| 0V on -100V line | Open Diode D4 | 1N4004 |
| Open Q4 | 2N5551 | |
| Shorted Zeners ZR3, ZR4 | 1N4730A and 1N4763A | |
| Open Q3 | MJE350 | |
| Open R4 | 39k ohm, at least 1 watt | |
| F1 1/4 Amp Fuse Blows | Bad Capacitor at C1 and C3 | 100uF,150V |
| Shorted Display | Display Glass* | |
| Shorted UDN7180 | UDN7180* | |
| Shorted UDN6118 | UDN6118* | |
| +118V on +100V line | Shorted Q1 | MJE340 |
| -118V on -100V line | Shorted Q2 | MJE350 |
| * located on display board | ||
Displays Test With no Shorts
Once the displays are tested and shorts are eliminated, we can proceed with the HV section repair.
Replacing the components in the HV Section
Since there are not that many components, if you are having problems isolating the
fault, a quick solution is to replace all the components in
the HV section. If only one side (+ or -) is failing, it is possible to rebuild only the failing side.
Check the parts section of the wiki to find suppliers, and get the replacement parts for one or both failing sides:
| Part | +Side Part | -Side Part | +,-Location |
| Transistor | MJE340 (or MJE15030) | MJE350 (or MJE15031) | Q1,Q3 |
| Transistor | 2N5401 | 2N5551 | Q2,Q4 |
| Zener diode | 1N4730A | 1N4730A | Z1,Z3 |
| Zener diode | 1N4763A** | 1N4763A** | Z2,Z4 |
| Resistor | 39k Ohm,1W | 39k Ohm,1W | R1,R4 |
| Resistor | 680 Ohm,1/4W | 680 Ohm,1/4W | R2,R5 |
| Resistor | 330k Ohm,1/2W | 330k Ohm,1/2W | R3,R6 |
| Capacitor | 0.1uF,250V metal polyester | 0.1uF,250V metal polyester | C2,C4 |
| Capacitor | 100uF,150V | 100uF,150V | C1,C3 |
| **This is a 91V Zener to reduce the voltage to prolong display life | |||
Remove and replace HV components
- Clip the old components from the board (make sure you have new ones first).
- Use one of the desoldering methods to remove solder from the holes.
- Stuff board with new components.
- Check for correct orientation on transistors, diodes and the large capacitor if you replace it.
- Leave a little space under components for air flow.
- Bend leads on components so they won't fall out when board is inverted for soldering.
- Double check that all the correct parts are in the correct places and properly oriented.
- Solder the parts to the board
- Clip excess off leads
4.9.1.3 Note on installation of MJE340/MJE350 replacement transistors
The MJE340/MJE350 is the heat-sinked transistor. On most Williams boards, this transistor pin configuration is not the same as the original part. It will need to be installed vertically with heat sink attached to the transistor only. The transistor will sit at about a 45 degree angle so the legs can be lined up to fit in the correct holes.
Check your board and insure correct orientation before soldering in place. Late versions of the System 11 series boards were designed to use the pin configuration of the MJE340/MJE350 transistors.
Do not mount vertically if the power supply is designed to use the pin configurations of the newer transistors!
4.9.1.4 Note on installation of MJE15030/MJE15031 replacement transistors
The MJE15030/MJE15031 are rated for higher power and can be used instead of the MJE340/MJE350 (the MJE340/MJE350 are well within design specifications and are suitable replacements at 1/3 the cost of the MJE15030/MJE15031).
The MJE15030/MJE15031 pin configuration has the Base and Emitter reversed as compared to the MJE340/MJE350. In the image at left, the left transistor (MJE15031) shows one method of crossing the legs safely. The transistor's two left legs are shifted right on position. The third leg is then jumpered to the boards left through hole position. If you prefer not to cross legs, this transistor can also be mounted vertically, but this transistor would be facing the opposite direction as compared to the MJE340/MJE350 pictured above.
There are some power supplies which have pads for both the SDS-201/SDS-202 or the MJE15030/MJE15031 style of transistors. In the pic to the right, the MJE15030/MJE15031 transistors are installed from the factory, but there are solder pads just below for installation of the SDS-201/SDS-202 transistors. If installing ME15030/MJE15031, the upper pads are used, and no leg crossing is required.
Ready to test
To test the rebuilt power supply, return to the "Check Voltages" section of this guide.
Other Resources
The System 9-11 HV section of the PSU is very similar in design to the earlier System 3-7. So it will be worth reading through the Sys 3-7 PSU Problems section entitled +/-100v Display HV Section of PSU, for some more detail. It also provides links to source complete HV rebuild kits which will normally cost under $10 shipped.
4.9.2 Display Panel Problems
4.9.2.1 Display Fuse F1 Blows
Testing the UDN Chips
If the display fuse is blowing, you should check the display board for shorts before connecting
a new or rebuilt power supply to the display board, as a shorted display or chip can damage a good power
supply. Remove the display board from the system. The display characters are driven by the two types
of UDN chips, the UDN7180 & UDN6118 (or UDN6184). Locate these chips (there are several)
on the board and test them with your DMM set to diode check. Clip your + (RED)
lead to the ground trace of the board. Probe the UDN chips as shown in the diagram.
If any shorts are read in the tested pins, the display should not be connected to the power
supply until the shorts are corrected.
Shorts Are Found in UDN Chip Test
If a short reading is found in the tested pins (don't test the pins labeled 'dont care'), the UDN
chip should carefully be desoldered and removed from the board. Take care to preserve this chip,
as they are nearly impossible to find and expensive to replace. Now install an IC socket in its place.
Repeat the test with no chip installed. If the short is gone, then the UDN chip needs to be replaced.
If the short remains, then the display glass needs to be replaced.
4.9.2.2 Replacing Display Glass
All plasma displays have a finite life expectancy. Display glass replacements were and are offered in several configurations. The differences in these configurations are mainly the placement or lack of a display "nipple" on the back of the glass. The glass nipple is what can pose as somewhat of a problem, when replacing a display glass. Williams did place a rather large hole in the display circuit board. However, the placement of the glass nipple has changed. To overcome this issue, a hole can carefully be drilled through the circuit board to allow for the glass nipple. When drilling, drill successive holes, starting with a small drill bit first, rather than drilling one large hole. This will reduce the chances of the circuit board "splintering". If you don't want to drill or your board is simply worn out you can buy replacements from pinballpcb.com.
4.10 Sound problems
4.10.1 System 9 Sound Problems
4.10.1.1 Jumper Settings for a newer System 9 Speech Board
As mentioned above, the System 9 speech board is essentially the same as the System 6/7 speech board. However, the newer speech board has jumpers added to increase the flexibility of EPROMs used. Either 2532 or 2732 EPROMs can be used. If using 2532 EPROMs, install jumpers W2 and W4, and remove jumpers W1 and W3. If using 2732 EPROMs, install jumpers W1 and W3, and remove jumpers W2 and W4.
4.10.1.2 Missing Sound or Speech Calls
To start a sound test, simply press the SW2 momentary switch at the bottom of the CPU board located between connections 1J16 and 1J17. Once SW2 is pressed, the CPU will cycle through all of the sound / speech calls continuously. Each System 9 game has a chart located in the manual, which lists the speech and sound calls made during test. The benefit of the chart in the manual is that it lists the ROM where a particular call originates. If a particular sound / speech call is not heard, the associated ROM listed for that call may be bad.
Another result of speech calls missing is possibly a bad U2 or U3 on the speech board. Both of these chips are 1458 op-amps.
4.10.1.3 Isolating the CPU Sound from the Speech Board
Some of the sound / speech calls originate from the CPU board, while the remaining calls originate from the speech board. If after running a game through sound test by pressing SW2, and some sounds are missing or very low in volume, a good idea is to isolate the CPU board from the speech board. All of the sounds originated on the CPU board, leave the board via the 40 pin ribbon cable, and go to the speech board for mixing. Once mixed, all of the sounds and speech are then returned to the CPU board, amplified, and sent out to the speakers.
Much like the System 6/7 sound and speech boards, the sound can be isolated from the speech board for testing purposes. The System 6/7 Type 2 sound board uses a jumper at position W1. When jumper W1 is installed, the sound board can be diagnosed without the speech board installed. The equivalent with the System 9 CPU board is jumper W10. This jumper is typically not connected. However, when it is connected, the sounds originating from the CPU board can be heard.
Locate jumper W10 on the CPU board. W10 is located to the right of SW2 on the board. There should be two very small wires clipped on either side of W10, as if W10 was installed and removed. With a alligator test lead, connect each alligator clip to the short leads of W10. If the short leads are not present, a short light gauge wire or wire wrap can be tack soldered to the solder pads of W10. With a jumper installed at W10, some sounds should be heard when SW2 is pressed. If no sounds are heard, further troubleshooting must be performed.
- Jumpering W10 on a System 9 CPU Board
Locating jumper W10 
Temporarily jumpering W10
4.10.2 System 11 Sound Problems
System 11 games are known to "hum" a bit. The "hum" is caused by electromagnetic interference from the lamp matrix insinuating itself on the sound circuit. To minimize the interference, ensure all boards are screwed tightly to the backbox ground plain, with all screws installed. This improves grounding and will help minimize "hum".
Another cause of hum could be an inconsistent +5DC volts from the power supply. An indicator of this being the cause of hum would be the game occasionally resetting as well. Replacing caps C8 and C10 on the power supply may correct this issue.
4.10.2.1 Connecting the Speaker and Volume Connections for a System 11 MPU Board on the Bench
To test the sound on a System 11 MPU on the bench, a speaker and volume control must be connected to connectors 1J15 and 1J16 respectively.
The speaker should connect to pins 2 and 3 of 1J15.
In the adjacent pic, a 470Kohm resistor was used in lieu of a volume pot. Other resistor values can be used, but 470Kohm allows the sound to be set to a comfortable audible level. Alligator clips can be used, but if the intentions are to test sound boards in the future, a resistor can be crimped into a .156" housing as shown. This resistor/connector set up can be used on all Williams sound boards from System 3 through System 11.
If using alligator clip leads to power the board, use special care as to not send +12v down the -12v line (the pins are adjacent to one another). Sending +12v down the -12v bus will most definitely destroy the 1408 DAC chip (if populated).
4.10.2.2 Jokerz specific sound issue
A special case of interference is present on the Jokerz game, which uses a unique stereo sound board. A deficiency in its design prevents all of the noise from being eliminated from the board. Details can be found in the original Williams service bulletin here: Jokerz service bulletin at IPDB.org
4.10.2.3 Sound Board Theory of Operation (D-11581)
Major components of the D-11681 sound board are:
- 68B09E externally clocked CPU, which is also used in all WPC MPU and pre-DCS sound boards
- 68B21 Peripheral Interface Adapter, capable of running at 2Mhz
- Up to 3 ROMs. All boards can accommodate 27256 ROMs. Some later boards can be jumpered to accommodate 27512 ROMs.
- 6116 RAM (2K bytes). Some later boards can be jumpered to accommodate a 6264 RAM (8K bytes)
- YM2151 sound synthesizer paired with the YM3012 DAC (outputs channel 1 and channel 2)
- 55516 CVSD (continuously variable slope delta) audio encoder, which provides a 3rd audio channel
- 1408 DAC (digital to analog converter), which provides a 4th audio channel
- Various 74XX ICs that perform address decoding and chip selection logic
- 1458 pre-amplifiers and TDA2002 amplifiers
The D-11581 sound board shares a lot of board design and architecture of the pre-DCS sound board that was introduced with WPC games.
Power
Power requirements for the board are supplied via connector J3. The typical sound board power levels are required, 5VDC, 12VDC, -12VDC, and Ground. Three 100uf capacitors reduce noise on the power busses along with several small ceramic caps which filter high frequency noise.
Reset
The on board 68B09E is reset via the external reset signal provided by the MPU board, via connection J4, pin 18. If attempting to operate the board without the MPU board connected, the processor must be manually reset via momentarily grounding pin 37 of the 68B09E.
Clocking
The clocking signal for the board originates at the 8Mhz crystal oscillator. U16, a 74LS74 Dual D-Type FlipFlop divides the clock signal yielding both the "E" and "Q"clock signal. E and Q are phase shifted by one half clock cycle.
Chip Select Logic
How sounds are produced
Sound select signals are provided via J4, a dual row .100 connector of 20 pins. These sound selects are held "normally high" via a 4.7K/470pf 10-pin bussed SIP pull-up resistor/capacitor (SR1) tied to 5VDC. These SIP resistor/capacitor parts are no longer available. A bussed 4.7K 9-pin resistor network can be used as a replacement. The capacitor feature of the original part filtered high frequency noise from the communication lines. In practice, noise doesn't impact the interface significantly enough to be of concern.
The MPU board will pull the appropriate sound select signals to ground via the 6821 PIA at Uxx. When the appropriate signals are pulled to ground, the PIA is programmed to interrupt the 68B09E processor via the FIRQ and NMI signals. The 68B09E then reads the sound select signals presented at the 6821s input port (PB0 through PB7) via the processor data bus (D0 through D7).
The processor then employs the 4 sound channels available to it, along with encoded sound files contained in the ROM images, to create the intended sounds.
4.11 Flipper problems
4.12 Pop bumper problems
5 Repair Logs and Game Specific Problems and Fixes
Did you do a repair? Log it here as a possible solution for others.
5.1 System 11 Single AlphaNumeric Character Won't Light
In the category of "things that will make you crazy", the solder bridge pictured at left shorted pins 8 and 9 on the connector that carries the digit strobes to a System 11 display. This prevented one of the digits on the display from ever lighting. It's always a good idea to examine prior work closely. Assuming the prior tech knew what they were doing is not always valid.
5.2 Using a System 6/7 Speech Board in a Comet
Should the need arise, a System 6/7 speech board can be modified to use 2732 EPROMs for a Comet.
5.3 Using a Data East MPU Board in a System 11 Game
Whaaaat?!?! Yes, a Data East MPU can be used in a Williams or Bally System 11 game. However, this is limited to System 11C games only, and only a DE 520-5003-03 (Version 3) MPU can be used. The reason for this limitation is because games previous to 11C have some or all of the sound section circuitry on the MPU board populated, the 11C does not. Likewise, DE boards do not have any sound section circuitry located on them by design. The board swap is not a simple drop in replacement though. Some minor modifications have to be performed for the DE board to function properly in an 11C game.
The first hurdle is to properly power the DE board. Connection 1J17 is where power originates on the 11C board. The complimentary connection on a DE board is CN17. The problem is that these connections are keyed differently between the two boards. 1J17 has a key at pin 7, while the key on CN17 is at pin 8. The safest way to make a connection to CN17 with the 11C game harness is to remove pin 7 on the DE board. This will have no ill effect, if the DE board is to be placed back into a DE game. The worst case scenario if pin 7 is removed and the board placed back into a DE game is that the CN17 connector housing could be installed off by one pin, thus shorting the +5v to ground, and blowing the logic voltage fuse.
Next, the game ROM jumpers have to be set correctly. Since all 11C games use dual ROMs, jumper setting J4 must be in on the DE MPU, while J5 is out. Install the 11C game ROMS in the following positions. U27 (ROM 1) is to be inserted into the 5C socket, while U26 (ROM 2) is installed into the 5B socket. Notch on the chip / socket is facing to the right. There is an alternative method. The code for the dual ROMs can be burned into a single 27512 EPROM.
Finally, there is a problem with how DE boards poll the special solenoid drivers differently than 11C boards. Two of the drivers are correct (solenoids 17 and 21), while the four others are mismatched. To overcome this problem, either a harness can be created (DE board to 11C harness) with a Z-connector installed between 1J19 and the game harness, or the 7-pin housing (the 9-pin housing at 1J19 is split with a 2-pin housing and a 7-pin housing) at 1J19 can be repinned. The benefit of building a harness and adding a Z-connector is that it is easily reversible, if an 11C board is to be placed back into the game at a future time.
The following wires will have to be connected to 1J19 / CN19 on the DE board for the game to function as intended.
| Pin Connection | Stock Wiring | Swapped Wiring | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ORG-VIO | ORG-VIO | No change. This is for the flipper enable. |
| 2 | ORG-GRY | ORG-GRY | No change. This is for the flipper enable. |
| 3 | BLU-ORG | BLU-YEL | |
| 4 | BLU-RED | BLU-ORG | |
| 5 | Key | None | |
| 6 | BLU-YEL | BLU-BLK | |
| 7 | BLU-BRN | BLU-BRN | No change. |
| 8 | BLU-GRN | BLU-GRN | No change. |
| 9 | BLU-BLK | BLU-RED |